Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PA > respiratory specific > Flashcards

respiratory specific Flashcards

1
Q

of lobes on the left and right lungs

A

2 left
3 right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what direction does the diaphragm move during inhalation

A

moves down, pressure drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

diaphragm moves in what direction during exhalation

A

moves up, pressure increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ribs 1-7

A

true ribs; attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ribs 8-10

A

false ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ribs 11 and 12

A

floating ribs– especially dangerous if fractured– can puncture organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

three main spaces

A

right space, pleural space, mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

visceral membrane

A

inner membrane of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

parietal membrane

A

outer membrane of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

potential space

A

the potential space between the parietal and visceral membrane that are supposed to be stuck together at all times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal pressure in the potential space

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pneumothorax

A

a condition where air builds up in the potential space of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pleural effusion

A

increase of fluid buildup – lung will collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

major organs in mediastinum

A

heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are trachea

A

cartilage rings to keep airway open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bronchi

A

carina (source of cough reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bronchioles

A

instead of cartilage rings, has smooth muscle encircling it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

alveolar ducts

A

small passage ways in the lungs that connect bronchioles to alveolar sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are alveoli

A

tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles, and are surrounded by capillaries; where gas exchange happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

right mainstem bronchus

A
  • larger and more vertically angled
  • increased risk for aspiration
  • inserted ETT too far if it goes in because then only one side gets air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

intercostal retractions

A

skin sinks between the muscles of the ribs during inhalation. common in babies and children– indicates reduced air pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

substernal retractions

A

when the skin sinks below the breastbone during inhalation– indicates difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

normal respirations

A

12-20/min in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

use of accessory muscles indicates?

A

labored or increased WOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cyanosis

A

blueish purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes– sign of acute hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nail bed clubbing

A

causes fingernails or toenails to enlarge and curve downward
- sign of chronic hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

“barrel chest”

A

increased anterior posterior diameter d/t lungs chronically overinflated with air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pectus excavatum

A

inward dent in the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)

A

protrusion caused by excess cartilage growth – happens at puberty or after open chest surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

crepitus

A
  • crackling or popping sensation (rise krispies)
  • may be d/t air leak from lungs into chests subcutaneous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

monitor what for crepitus

A

airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

tracheal displacement

A

when the trachea shifts out of its normal position in the chest and neck – usually d/t increased pressure in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

crepitus medical term

A

subcutaneous emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

crepitus and tracheal dispalecement both seen in..?

A

pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

tactile fremitus

A

repeating a word over and over again, feeling for vibrations coming off as they speak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

increased tactile fremitus indicates?

A

consolidation in the lungs– pneumonia, fluid, tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

conditions with hyperresonance

A

emphysema, asthma, pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

decreased tactile fremitus indicates?

A

hyperinflated lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

diaphragmatic excursion

A

movement of diaphragm on full inspiration compared to full expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

vesicular

A

normal over most of the lung, soft low pitch, inspiration to expiration sound ration is 3:1

38
Q

hyperinflation and distended abdomen both result in what

A

decreased movement to diaphragm

39
Q

abnormal lung sounds

A

rhonchi
wheezes
crackles
pleural friction rub

40
Q

rhonchi

A

low pitched
on inspir. and expir.
over the upper bronchi; pathways filled with mucus
heard in upper center of chest

40
Q

wheezing

A

high pitched squeak/whistle (musical)
mostly on expiration
lower airway constriction (i.e. asthma)

41
Q

what does a sudden disappearance of a wheezing noise indicate

A

no air getting through (very bad)

42
Q

crackling sound

A

moist bubbling sound (d/t exudates or fluid in alveoli)
on inspir. mostly (fine vs. coarse)
esp heard over lower posterior bases
does not clear with cough

43
Q

pleural friction rub

A

dry, rubbing, grating sound (d/t exudates or fluid in alveoli)
esp heard over lower anterior bases
seen with pleurisy, TB, lung cancer

44
Q

vocal resonance

A

test to assess density of lung tissue– lung consolidation

45
Q

bronchophony

A

increased loudness of spoken sounds

46
Q

lung consolidation causes?

A

bronchophony
whispered pectoriloquy
egophany

47
Q

whispered pectoriloquy

A

extreme brochophony= loud and clearer

48
Q

egophany

A

nasal quality
E’s sound like A’s
the worse noise to hear

49
Q

stridor

A

harsh, high pitched croaking sound on inspir. (initially)
can be heart w/o steth
caused by upper airway obstruction in trachea or larynx
serious condition– entire airway could close off

50
Q

hyperventilation

A

rapid and deep breaths– blowing off more CO2 than normal

50
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough

51
Q

what does hyperventilation cause

A

decreasing CO2 blood lvls – hypocapnia

52
Q

hypercapnic blood

A

not enough CO2 in the blood. happens when holding breath for too long.

53
Q

CO2 in blood = ?

A

acid

54
Q

hyperventilation is blowing off ?

A

CO2

55
Q

what does hypeerventilation decrease in the blood

A

acid– makes blood more alkaline and causes pH to increase

56
Q

abnormal blood pH

A

> 7.45

57
Q

hypoventilation = ?

A

retaining CO2 (i.e. acid)

58
Q

if body pH is already < 7.45 due to a non-respiratory problem… (ex. diabetic ketoacidosis)

A

brain medulla wants to help and triggers compensatory mechanism

59
Q

compensatory mechanism

A

= breathe fast and deep to blow off CO2 which helps increase pH back up toward normal

60
Q

kussmaul respiration

A

medical emergency
rapid, deep, labored breathing that is difficult to control

61
Q

cheyne stokes

A

abnormal breathing pattern characterized by a crescendo decrescendo

62
Q

ataxic (biot)

A

abnormal breathing pattern characterized by irregular rate, rhythm, and depth

63
Q

assessing if chest pain is respiratory or cardiac

A

ask pt to take a deep breath, if pain worsens– indicates respiratory

64
Q

atelectasis

A

partial if not total lung collapse causing SOB

65
Q

cause of atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion or collapse of alveoli, hypoventilation

66
Q

surfactant and premature babies

A

if born prematurely, could have no surfactant formed but can be injected supplementally

66
Q

surfactant

A

chemical that decreases surface tension and helps keep alveoli air sacs open

67
Q

etiologies

A

shallow breathing
obstruction
compression

68
Q

PA findings

A

diminished breathing sounds
decreased O2 sat
- <92-95%
dull percussion

69
Q

incentive spirometer is for

A

deep INHALATION

70
Q

TC&DB

A

turn cough and deep breathe

71
Q

ease coughing with surfactant issue by–

A

splinting chest with a pillow– squeeze tightly

72
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease– causes irreversible obstruction of air exiting the lungs (causes hyperinflation) AKA air trapping

73
Q

hypoxia

A

increased RBC/hematocrit (polycythemia)

74
Q

COPD: chronic bronchitis

A

increased cough and sputum

75
Q

COPD: emphysema

A

dyspnea but minimal cough
alveolar walls are destroyed- less surface area for gas exchange

76
Q

normal stimulus to breathe

A

high CO2

77
Q

COPD stimulus to breathe

A

low O2

78
Q

COPD oxygen flow caution

A

do not exceed 2L/min
keep SpO2 between 88-92%

79
Q

PA findings for COPD

A

diminished BBS
exertional dyspnea (DOE)
accessory muscle use
clubbing
prolonged expirations
barrel chest
⬇ tactile vibrations
hyperresonance
CXR

80
Q

exertional dyspnea

A

the feeling of not being able to breathe quickly enough during physical activity

81
Q

COPD nursing interventions

A

nursing interventions
O2 administration less than 2L per min
Pursed lip breathing

82
Q

asthma

A

intermittent inflammation

83
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of alveolar air sacs due to infection

83
Q

PA findings for asthma

A

wheezing
SOB
coughing–> esp at night
chest tightness
⬇ tatcile fremitus
hyperresonance

83
Q

types of pneumonia

A

bacterial
viral
fungal (uncommon but in immunosupression)

83
Q

allergy related asthma

A

hypersensitive immune system

84
Q

3 things in the airway r/t asthma

A

walls swell, fill with mucus, bronchoconstriction

85
Q

vaping causes…?

A

popcorn pneumonia

86
Q

PA findings

A

fever
crackles
dyspnea tachypnea
chest pain
pleurisy
diminished BS
dull percussion
⬆ tactile fremitus
productive cough
– green sputum

87
Q

C2-3 spinal cord injury can result

A

myasthenia gravis, gulian barre

88
Q

rust colored sputum indicates

A

blood

89
Q
A
90
Q
A

PA (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions