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PA > Neuro specific > Flashcards

Neuro specific Flashcards

1
Q

possible further assessment

A

cerebellar, proprioception, deep tendon reflexes

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2
Q

cerebellar

A

finger to nose
heel to shin
gait evaluation (ataxia?)

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3
Q

ataxia

A

indicates loss of muscle coordination, affects:
balance
speech
eye movement

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4
Q

proprioception

A

being able to know where your body parts are in space without having to see them
Romberg test (balance) – CN VII

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5
Q

bad deep tendon reflexes

A

hyperactive: problem w upper motor neurons
clonus: dorsiflexion and count oscillations

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6
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

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7
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

caused by bleeding in the brain

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8
Q

ischemic stroke

A

caused by blood clot in the brain

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9
Q

thrombolytic t-PA

A

alteplase– breaks down clot in ischemic stroke

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10
Q

chronic deficits caused by stroke

A

hemiplegia
hemianopsia
aphasia
dysarthria
dysphagia

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11
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

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12
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness in half of the body

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13
Q

hemianopsia

A

loss of 1/2 vision in each eye

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14
Q

aphasia

A

language difficulty

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15
Q

expressive aphasia

A

Broca’s: word finding

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16
Q

receptive aphasia

A

Wernicke’s: understanding

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17
Q

global

A

total= both

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18
Q

dysarthria

A

loss of speech articulation

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19
Q

dysphasia

A

loss of ability to swallow (no gag reflex)

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20
Q

cincinnati prehospital stoke scale components

A

droop, drift, speech

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21
Q

cincinnati prehospital stroke scale assesses…

A

balance, eyes, face, arms, speech, tongue/time

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22
Q

NIH stroke scale

A

done daily on all stroke pt’s, not memorized

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23
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

temporary neuro deficits d/t impaired circulation to the brain (mini stroke)

24
Q

TIA S/S

A

same as acute CVA

25
Q

length of TIA

A

resolves in less than 24 hours

26
Q

TIA indicates…

A

impending major CVA

27
Q

meningitis

A

an infection of the meninges caused by bacteria, virus, or fungus (less common)

28
Q

7 PA findings indicating meningitis (due to ⬆ ICP)

A
  1. HA and fever
  2. altered metal status (AMS)
  3. photophobia
  4. dizziness
  5. projectile vomiting
  6. nuchal rigidity and pain
  7. petechiae
29
Q

kernigs’s sign

A

laying flat on back, bent leg and hip 90 degrees, resisting and in a lot of pain

30
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

forcefully bend head own to chest, checking for rigidity and pain. pt will bend knees to relieve pain

31
Q

cerebral palsy

A

disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture caused by injury to or abnormal development of the brain (anoxia or motor brain area– not progressive)

32
Q

classifications of CP

A

spastic
dyskinetic
ataxic

33
Q

spastic

A

hyeprtonicity, stiffness, rigidity, contractures

34
Q

dyskinetic CP

A

involuntary writhing movements of extremities

35
Q

ataxic CP

A

abnormalities of balance and coordination of trunk/extremities (least common)

35
Q

parkinsons disease (PD)

A

lack of domapine in the brain = movement disorder

36
Q

S/S of Parkinsons Disease (PD)

A

tremors at rest and fatigue
pin rolling of fingers
interia when starting movement
shuffling, hunched gait
mask like facies w/ drooling

37
Q

2 classifications of spinal cord injury

A

cerivical and thoracic

38
Q

spinal cord injury (SCI) PA findings

A

impaired sensation and movement
quadriplegia (cervical spine)
- above C2-3, ventilator dependent
paraplegia (thoracic spine)

39
Q

acute care for SCI

A

immobilize neck, assess for respiratory compromise

40
Q

head injury with internal bleeding or swelling can cause

A

intracranial pressure (ICP)

41
Q

cerebral herniation

A

ICP pushes brainstem downward thru opening in skull where spinal cord exits

42
Q

abnormal levels of consciousness

A

lethargic
obtunded
stuporous
coma

43
Q

obtunded

A

falling asleep if not continually kept awake, when awakened typically confused

44
Q

stuporous

A

significantly out of it, difficult to keep awake

45
Q

coma (comatose)

A

will not wakeup even if inflicting pain (finger pressed underneath fingernail, or press knuckles against sternum)

46
Q

glasgow coma scale (GCS) tests what three things

A

eye opening response
verbal response
motor response

47
Q

GCS score

A

from 3-15
anything less than 8 is a coma and requires intubation

48
Q

TBI

A

traumatic brain injury

49
Q

signs of TBI

A

projectile vomiting
altered CN 6
pupils
posturing

50
Q

TBI pupils

A

pinpoint (commonly seen in drug abuse)
oval shape (ICP affecting CN3)
dilated and fixed
if unconscious -> dolls eyes

51
Q

decorticate

A

arms flexed and fists clenched
legs extended and internally rotated
toes pointed

52
Q

decerebrate

A

arms stiffly extended with pronated forearms and flexed wrists
head and neck extended
legs and toes extended, internally rotated
(indicates increased severity)

53
Q

flaccid

A

limp without movement
worst sign
indicates damage to lower brain stem

54
Q

neuro specific assessment

A

5 upper
7 lower
* weakness numbness or tingling?
* recent severe unexplained HA
* recent falls/altered balance
* look for facial droop or slurred speech

55
Q
A

PA (10 decks)

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