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S and F 2 > skin glands > Flashcards

skin glands Flashcards

1
Q

two types of skin glands

A

-sebaceous
-sweat

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2
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

-eccrine
-apocrine

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3
Q

what are skin glands modifications of

A

the epidermis

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4
Q

sebaceous glands are associated with

A

hair follicles

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5
Q

structure of sebaceous glands

A

lobed (acinar) structure

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6
Q

what do sebaceous glands produce and what is the function of this

A

-they produce fatty/oily sebum (lanolin in sheep)
-moisturises and waterproofs hair and skin
-allows sweat to spread (thermoregulation)
-antimicrobial function
-pheromones or other scented compounds for communication

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7
Q

circumoral sebaceous glands in cats

A

round the nose and mouth for scent marking and greeting

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8
Q

carpal glands

A

found on carpus of cats and dogs with tactile hairs

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9
Q

circumanal glands in dogs

A

under anal sac glands

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10
Q

sebaceous glands in the sheep

A

-infraorbital (by the eye)
-interdigital (in-between digits for trail marking)
-inguinal pouch (odour helps lamb find udder)

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11
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

-discharge albuminous (protein-rich) sweat
-into hair follicles
-over most of body (haired skin) in domestic animals
-react with bacteria to produce an individuals odour

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12
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

-discharge more watery sweat
-directly onto skin
-generally found only in certain areas (naked skin) eg- footpads

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13
Q

mode of cellular secretion for apocrine glands

A

-apocrine secretion
-vesicles pinch off from cells to secrete packets of cell membrane and cytoplasm

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14
Q

mode of cellular secretion eccrine sweat glands

A

-merocrine secretion
-exocytosis
-cell vesicle fuses with membrane to discharge its contents
-no part of the cell is lost

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14
Q

mode of cellular secretion eccrine sweat glands

A

-merocrine secretion
-exocytosis
-cell vesicle fuses with membrane to discharge its contents
-no part of the cell is lost

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15
Q

what are mammary glands modifications of

A

-apocrine sweat glands

16
Q

aquired function of the mammary glands

A
  • The secretion (milk) is rich in protein and fat for nourishing young
  • contains antibodies for immune transfer
  • First milk (colostrum) is especially rich in antibodies, important in immune transfer
17
Q

mammary glands are made up of…

A
  • a body (mammae) and teat
18
Q

what are collections of mammary glands in horses and cattle called

A

udders

19
Q

what does eac gland contain

A

one or more secretary unit

20
Q

what are extra buds called

A

supernumerary teats (indépendant or attached to more developed glands)

21
Q

teat orifice

A

the hole the milk comes out of

22
Q

how is milk made

A
  1. Milk is produced by mammary cuboidal epithelial cells, lining alveoli (hollow cavities)
    * Alveoli grouped into lobules joined by connective tissue
    * Lobules are grouped into lobes, separated by adipose tissue
  2. Alveoli are surrounded by muscle cells (myoepithelial cells) that push milk out of the alveolus
  3. Milk drains through milk ducts (lobular ducts →lactiferous ducts)
  4. milk is stored in the lactiferous sinus
    -mostly within the teat (sinus)
    -partly in the body (gland sinus)
  5. A smooth muscle sphincter at the teat orifice prevents milk leakage and bacteria entry
  6. When properly stimulated, milk is “let down” under influence of hormones
    * contraction of myoepithelial cells around alveoli
    * relaxation of teat sphincter muscle
23
Q

what ligament divides the left and right side of the mammary glands

A

median suspensory ligament

24
Q

do birds have sweat glands

A

NOOOO
-loose heat by blood flow to skin
-respiritory evaporation (panting)

25
Q

skin glands in birds

A

-lipogenic epidermis deposits lipid film onto feathers
-preen, aural, vent

26
Q

skin glands in reptiles

A

-scent gland at the vent
-pre-fermoral glands/ femoral pores

27
Q

skin glands in ferrets

A

-no sweat glands
-sebaceous glands in skin giving musky smell
-anal glands

28
Q

guinea pig skin glands

A

caudal gland (‘grease gland”) used for marking territory

29
Q

hamsters and gerbils skin glands

A

-flank scent glands
-ventral glands

30
Q

skin glands rabbits

A

-scent glands (chin glands, inguinal glands, anal glands)

31
Q

fish skin glands

A

-mucous glands (insulation, UV protection, reduce water friction)
-venom secretion

S and F 2 (15 decks)

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