dog GIT

Question 1

what is the origin of the oesophagus called

Answer 1

isthmus oesophagi

Question 2

what does the cervical part of the oesophagus run past

Answer 2

the trachea

Question 3

route of the oesophagus

Answer 3

follows trachea, inclines to the left then returns to median position, continues beyond trachea bifurcation (past the heart), penetrates the diaphragm, joins stomach at 11th-12th thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

main glands in the tunica submucosa

Answer 4

mucous

Question 5

type of epithelium in tunica submucosa

Answer 5

stratified squamous

Question 6

what side is the stomach on

Answer 6

left

Question 7

what muscle controls the stomach emptying

Answer 7

sphincter muscles

Question 8

where is the cardia region

Answer 8

opening of the oesophagus

Question 9

where is the funds region of the stomach

Answer 9

expanded portion of the stomach next to the oesophagus

Question 10

where is the body of the stomach

Answer 10

the middle part

Question 11

where is the pyloric region

Answer 11

end of the stomach before the duodenum

Question 12

what type of stomach do dogs have

Answer 12

simple glandular stomach

Question 13

glands in the stomach

Answer 13

gastric glands occupy most of the lamina proprietor, the glands produce gastric juices

Question 14

lamina propria

Answer 14

loose connective tissue in the tunica mucosa

Question 15

rugae

Answer 15

folds present inside the stomach

Question 16

meissner’s plexuses

Answer 16

bed of nerves that controls mucous secretions

Question 17

myenteric or auerbacchs plexus

Answer 17

bed of nerves that control peristalsis in the tunica muscularis

Question 18

3 types of glandular regions in the stomach

Answer 18

fundic, cardiac, pylorus

Question 19

cardiac glands

Answer 19

very small area, mucous secreting glands

Question 20

fundic glands

Answer 20

inbetween cardiac and pyloric gland regions containing fundic glands

Question 21

pyloric glands

Answer 21

secretes 2 types of mucus and the hormone gastrin

Question 22

4 types of cells in pits in the stomach wall

Answer 22

-mucous cells (mucin producing)
-parietal (HCl)
-Cheif (protein secreting)
-endocrine (G cells secreting gastrin)

Question 23

where are simple columnar cells usually found

Answer 23

in areas with high secretory activity or absorptive activity

Question 24

gastric pits

Answer 24

form superficial invaginations and are lined by mucus-secreting columnar epithelium

Question 25

greater omentum sits between...

Answer 25

the ventral side of the organs and the ventral body wall

Question 26

order of organs in the ventral body

Answer 26

liver stomach spleen descending duodenum jejunum bladder diaphragm

Question 27

lesser omentum

Answer 27

attached to lesser curvature of the stomach to the portal fissure (dip in the liver)

Question 28

greater omentum

Answer 28

attached to greater curvature of stomach, left part of the colon and left part of the pancreas (deep and superficial leaves)

Question 29

omental bursa

Answer 29

potential space, area enclosed by greater omentum

Question 30

epiploic foramen

Answer 30

omental bursa opening to peritoneal cavity

Question 31

innovation of the omentum

Answer 31

blood vessels travel through the omentum to supply other organs such as the liver (eg- vena cava, portal vein)

Question 32

3 parts of the small intestines

Answer 32

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 33

what does mesentery (connecting peritoneum) attach to

Answer 33

abdominal wall opposite the second lumbar vertebrae

Question 34

what supplies the large and small intestines with vessels, nerves and lymphatics

Answer 34

the mesentery

Question 35

structure of small intestine mucosa

Answer 35

highly folded

Question 36

plicae circulares

Answer 36

circular (transverse) folds formed by tunica mucosa and tunica submucosa

Question 37

enterocytes

Answer 37

columnar epithelium with vili on them in the small intestines

Question 38

crypt

Answer 38

contains goblet cells (make mucus) and neuroendocrine cells

Question 39

duodenum

Answer 39

-longest villi of all 3 small intestine regions -columnar epithelium -highest number of goblet cells

Question 40

what does the epithelium of the villi contain

Answer 40

goblet cells that secret mucus

Question 41

ileal mucosa contains...(AKA peyers patches)

Answer 41

large numbers of organised lymphoid tissues

Question 42

3 sections of the colon

Answer 42

ascending, transverse, descending

Question 43

which side is the descending duodenum on?

Answer 43

passes caudally on the right of the abdomen

Question 44

where is the caecum located

Answer 44

on the right side, ventral to the right kidney and small intestines (between 2nd and 4th lumbar vertebrae)

Question 45

where is the stomach located

Answer 45

on the left side between the 9th and 12th rib

Question 46

where is the ascending duodenum found

Answer 46

travels cranially on the left side of the root of the mesentery

Question 47

where is jejunum located

Answer 47

left side, reaches from stomach to pelvic inlet and greater omentum rests upon

Question 48

which thoracic vertebrae does the descending colon begin at

Answer 48

12th

Question 49

what is the main artery that supplies the stomach with blood

Answer 49

coeliac artery

Question 50

what are the 3 main branches of the coeliac artery

Answer 50

left gastric artery hepatic artery splenic artery

Question 51

where to the veins in the stomach drain to

Answer 51

portal vein

Question 52

arteries that supply the small intestines

Answer 52

cranial and caudal mesenteric artery

Question 53

why is the root of the mesentery thick

Answer 53

because it contains the cranial mesenteric artery

Question 54

what nerves innovate the stomach and small intestines

Answer 54

parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric nervous system

Question 55

enteric nervous system

Answer 55

part of the autonomic nervous system and regulates motility

Question 56

what plexus are found in the enteric nervous system

Answer 56

submucosal (Meisner) plexus- to do with glands myenteric (Auerbach) plexus- to do with muscle contraction of the GIT (eg- peristalsis)