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S and F 2 > dog GIT > Flashcards

dog GIT Flashcards

1
Q

what is the origin of the oesophagus called

A

isthmus oesophagi

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2
Q

what does the cervical part of the oesophagus run past

A

the trachea

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3
Q

route of the oesophagus

A

follows trachea, inclines to the left then returns to median position, continues beyond trachea bifurcation (past the heart), penetrates the diaphragm, joins stomach at 11th-12th thoracic vertebrae

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4
Q

main glands in the tunica submucosa

A

mucous

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5
Q

type of epithelium in tunica submucosa

A

stratified squamous

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6
Q

what side is the stomach on

A

left

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7
Q

what muscle controls the stomach emptying

A

sphincter muscles

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8
Q

where is the cardia region

A

opening of the oesophagus

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9
Q

where is the funds region of the stomach

A

expanded portion of the stomach next to the oesophagus

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10
Q

where is the body of the stomach

A

the middle part

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11
Q

where is the pyloric region

A

end of the stomach before the duodenum

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12
Q

what type of stomach do dogs have

A

simple glandular stomach

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13
Q

glands in the stomach

A

gastric glands occupy most of the lamina proprietor, the glands produce gastric juices

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14
Q

lamina propria

A

loose connective tissue in the tunica mucosa

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15
Q

rugae

A

folds present inside the stomach

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16
Q

meissner’s plexuses

A

bed of nerves that controls mucous secretions

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17
Q

myenteric or auerbacchs plexus

A

bed of nerves that control peristalsis in the tunica muscularis

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18
Q

3 types of glandular regions in the stomach

A

fundic, cardiac, pylorus

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19
Q

cardiac glands

A

very small area, mucous secreting glands

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20
Q

fundic glands

A

inbetween cardiac and pyloric gland regions containing fundic glands

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21
Q

pyloric glands

A

secretes 2 types of mucus and the hormone gastrin

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22
Q

4 types of cells in pits in the stomach wall

A

-mucous cells (mucin producing)
-parietal (HCl)
-Cheif (protein secreting)
-endocrine (G cells secreting gastrin)

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23
Q

where are simple columnar cells usually found

A

in areas with high secretory activity or absorptive activity

24
Q

gastric pits

A

form superficial invaginations and are lined by mucus-secreting columnar epithelium

25
Q

greater omentum sits between…

A

the ventral side of the organs and the ventral body wall

26
Q

order of organs in the ventral body

A

liver
stomach
spleen
descending duodenum
jejunum
bladder
diaphragm

27
Q

lesser omentum

A

attached to lesser curvature of the stomach to the portal fissure (dip in the liver)

28
Q

greater omentum

A

attached to greater curvature of stomach, left part of the colon and left part of the pancreas (deep and superficial leaves)

29
Q

omental bursa

A

potential space, area enclosed by greater omentum

30
Q

epiploic foramen

A

omental bursa opening to peritoneal cavity

31
Q

innovation of the omentum

A

blood vessels travel through the omentum to supply other organs such as the liver (eg- vena cava, portal vein)

32
Q

3 parts of the small intestines

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

33
Q

what does mesentery (connecting peritoneum) attach to

A

abdominal wall opposite the second lumbar vertebrae

34
Q

what supplies the large and small intestines with vessels, nerves and lymphatics

A

the mesentery

35
Q

structure of small intestine mucosa

A

highly folded

36
Q

plicae circulares

A

circular (transverse) folds formed by tunica mucosa and tunica submucosa

37
Q

enterocytes

A

columnar epithelium with vili on them in the small intestines

38
Q

crypt

A

contains goblet cells (make mucus) and neuroendocrine cells

39
Q

duodenum

A

-longest villi of all 3 small intestine regions
-columnar epithelium
-highest number of goblet cells

40
Q

what does the epithelium of the villi contain

A

goblet cells that secret mucus

41
Q

ileal mucosa contains…(AKA peyers patches)

A

large numbers of organised lymphoid tissues

42
Q

3 sections of the colon

A

ascending, transverse, descending

43
Q

which side is the descending duodenum on?

A

passes caudally on the right of the abdomen

44
Q

where is the caecum located

A

on the right side, ventral to the right kidney and small intestines (between 2nd and 4th lumbar vertebrae)

45
Q

where is the stomach located

A

on the left side between the 9th and 12th rib

46
Q

where is the ascending duodenum found

A

travels cranially on the left side of the root of the mesentery

47
Q

where is jejunum located

A

left side, reaches from stomach to pelvic inlet and greater omentum rests upon

48
Q

which thoracic vertebrae does the descending colon begin at

A

12th

49
Q

what is the main artery that supplies the stomach with blood

A

coeliac artery

50
Q

what are the 3 main branches of the coeliac artery

A

left gastric artery
hepatic artery
splenic artery

51
Q

where to the veins in the stomach drain to

A

portal vein

52
Q

arteries that supply the small intestines

A

cranial and caudal mesenteric artery

53
Q

why is the root of the mesentery thick

A

because it contains the cranial mesenteric artery

54
Q

what nerves innovate the stomach and small intestines

A

parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric nervous system

55
Q

enteric nervous system

A

part of the autonomic nervous system and regulates motility

56
Q

what plexus are found in the enteric nervous system

A

submucosal (Meisner) plexus- to do with glands
myenteric (Auerbach) plexus- to do with muscle contraction of the GIT (eg- peristalsis)

S and F 2 (15 decks)

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