exotics GIT Flashcards
do fish have a long or short oesophagus
short
4 forms of fish stomach
Y-shaped
U-shaped
absent
straight
what separates fish stomach from intestines
pyloric sphincter
what structure do some fish have that secretes digestive enzymes
pyloric caeca
division of fish GIT
foregut, midgut, hindgut
do herbivores have a longer intestine than carnivore species
yes (may have a gizzard)
cloaca is found in which animals and what is it
fish, reptiles, birds
it is a cavity at the end of the digestive tract that releases both excretory and genital products
4 reptilia
-rynchocephalia (tuatara)
-crocodilia (crocs, alligators)
-chelonia (tortoise, turtles)
-squamata (scaled eg- lizards and snakes)
what diet do snakes have
carnivores
why are snake teeth backwards
to aid swallowing
name given to venomous snakes with hollow teeth
pleurodonts
where are venom glands derived from
labial salivary glands
what do snakes do instead of chewing their pray
mechanical and enzyme digestion from the stomach
what helps snakes able to swallow larger pray
can disengage their jaw at the mandibular symphysis
what shaped stomachs do snakes have
J shaped
what allows the snake oesophagus to stretch
it has folds in it
splenopancrease
somtimes in snakes the spleen is fused to the pancreas
what are the 2 parts of crocodila stomach
glandular and muscular
pleurodont
attached to periosteal side of mandible, no sockets)
acrodont
attached to biting edge of jaw, no sockets, not usually replaced
what shaped stomachs do lizards have
J shaped
do lizards have a caecum
they might do
what is the appearance of the lizards colon
colon is sacculated
what do testudines (turtles etc) have instead of teeth
keratinised beak
is testudines caecum large or small
small
do testudines do handgun fermentation
yes
why must herbivores be starved prior to hibernation
semi-digested vegetation can ferment and lead to sepsis
what protects bird beaks
their keratinised epithelium
Herbst corpuscles
vibration sensitive mechanoreceptors
do all bird species have a crop
no eg owls and geese
how is crop milk made
sloughing of epithelial cells
proventriculus
glandular, enzymatic digestion
gizzard
muscular stomach with a need for grit
bird small intestines
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
how many defections for caecal contents to be voided
10 (pale and frothy)
3 main rodentia variations
- Myomorpha (mouse like)
- Sciuromorpha (squirrel like)
- Caviomorpha (cavy like)
myomorpha teeth
brachydont, anelodont, radicular (short crown, not continuously growing, closed root)
suiuromopha teeth
brachydont, anelodont, radicular (short crown, not continuously growing, closed root)
caviomorpha teeth
hypsodont, elodont, aradicular (tall crown, continuously growing, open root)
