anatomical directions and planes Flashcards
cranial to caudal
head to tail
rostral to caudal
nose to head
dorsal to ventral
back to chest
proximal
part of the limb that runs from the top, down to the carpus (forelimb) or tarsus (hindlimb)
distal
from carpus or tarsus down to the toes
above the carpus and tarsus, forward and behind the leg is called
cranial to caudal
dorsal to palmer
in the forelimb (below carpus) front of foot to palm of foot
dorsal to plantar
hindlimb (below tarsus) front of foot to palm
medial to lateral
middle of the body (straight down the middle of the head) to either side of the middle
axial and abaxial
middle of the limb to either side away from the limb
median and saggital plane
2D slice along the craniotomy-caudal and dorso-ventral axes of the body (runs down median plane and if to the left or right its the saggital)
transverse plane
2D cross section along letero-medial and torso-ventral axes
(as if the animal is flat on the floor with legs spread front and back)
dorsal plane
2D slice along later-medial and cranio-caudal (eg- dog is standing and all 4 legs are cut off)
what is the importance of learning this?
-precise communication between colleagues/peers
-feeds into imaging (eg-radiography)
carnivores examples
dogs, cats, ferrets
