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Practice topics Exam 2 > Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Dematitis (eczema)

A

Inflammation of the dermis skin
Variety of types and causes
Not contagious

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2
Q

Some types of dermatitis

A

Atopic (chronic conditions)
Stasis (vascular component)
Contact (allergic)
Seborrheic

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3
Q

Dermatitis - clinical presentation

A

Pruritus
Blisters, swelling
Weeping, oozing
Scales or crusts might develop

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4
Q

Dermatitis - treatment

A

Treat underlying cause
Anti-inflammatory medications
Prophylactic antibiotics might be given

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5
Q

Atoptic Dermatitis

A

Immunoglobulin E disease (allergy)
Pruritus
Exacerbations and remissions
Leads to skin thickening and changes in quality of skin

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6
Q

Seborrheic deformities

A

Sebum rich areas
Scaly, red rash develops
Scalp, forehead, nose folds, ears, around eyes
Ex - cradle cap in children
Changes in humidity, emotional stress, trauma

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7
Q

Contact dematitis

A

Can be from tape, poison ivy
One of most common
Hypersensitive response

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8
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

Kerintocyte benign neoplasm
Mid life is when appears
Tend to look like they are just apsted onto the skin

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9
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Malignant melanoma arising from melanocytes
Sun exposure inc risk
Enlarging, irregular pigmented areas that ulcerate
Metastasis to lymph ndoes, widespread organ dissemination - usually what takes someone to doc
60 is median age
Most common cancer in 25-29 yr old F

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10
Q

Non melanocytic skin cancers

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

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11
Q

Non melanocytic skin cancers - basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common skin cancer
Less than 0.1% of cancer deaths - does not easily metastasize
Lesions tend to be on face first (nose), can be on trunk, penis, vulva, perianal area too

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12
Q

Non melanocytic skin cancers - Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Head and neck area
Often disfiguring in later stages
Sun exposure, immunosuppressed, HPV infection are risk factors
Higher rate of met but not as large as melanoma

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13
Q

Rosacea

A 
Dermal support structures are affected 
Flushing of the face
Small erythematous papules with pustules
Stinging, burning sensation
Thckened skin, facial lymphedema
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14
Q

Rosacea triggers

A 
heat/cold temp
wind
hot drinks
caffeine, alcohol, spicy food
exercise, emotion
topical products
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15
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of the skin and underlying tissues (most sig the dermis)
Some type of skin break down is initial source

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16
Q

Cellulitis - most common bacteria

A

GAS
Staph aureus
Pseudomonas is often offending pathogen in nail punctures in the foot

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17
Q

Cellulitis - clinical presentation

A 
Similar to dermatitis but more pronounced
Need to differentiate
S/s fever, malaise, chills 
Lymphangitis and lymphadenopathy
Wound will exhibit signs of infection
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18
Q

Cellulitis - tx

A

Antibiotic - may require IV antibiotics up to 6 wks

Tx wound and underlying cause

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19
Q

Psoriasis is what

A 
chronic recurrent skin disease
2/100 population
Onset - early to middle adulthood
Familial 
Cause is unknown
Excessive cell proliferation and inflammation
20
Q

Psoriasis - characteristics

A

There is a 3-4day turnover of the epidermis
Excessive accumulation of day cells (plaques)
Most common type is plaques psoriasis
About 5% of those affected will develop psoriatic arthritis

21
Q

Psoriasis - common sites

A

Extensor surfaces
Hands, elbows, knees, scalp
Toenails and fingernails

22
Q

Psoriasis - presentation

A

Pruritus is common
White scales (scaly plaques)
Exacerbation and remission pattern

23
Q

Psoriasis treatment

A

No cure - just control
Tx is geard at suppressing cell proliferation
Often times combination therapy is used

24
Q

Psoriasis medical topical agents

A 
corticosteroids
Anthralin (bark of tree)
Toxarotene (vit A derivative)
Coal tar
Calcipotriene (form vit D3)
Saclicylic acid (remvoe scales)
25
Q

Psoriasis - oral meds

A

Cyclosporine (depress immune system)
Methotrexate (folic acid antagonist)
Oral retinoids (vit A derivative)

26
Q

Psoraisis - biologic meds

A

Can be injected or infused
Similar in action to drugs used for arthiritc conditions
Alefacept and Efalizumab

27
Q

Psoriasis - PT

A 
Phototherapy 
UVB
PUVA
Goeckerman Regime
Lasers
28
Q

Psoriasis - PT - PUVA

A

Psoralens (oral or topical) sensitizes the skin to UV - and then they come in and we can use UVA

29
Q

Psoriasis - PT - Goeckerman Regime

A

Old school - use of coal tar and UVB

coal tar also senstzes skin to the UV treatment

30
Q

Psoriasis - PT - lasers

A

very new, still working on protocols and devices

31
Q

Herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Viral infection
Latent
Dorsal root ganglia
Reactivation of the virus produces a severe inflammatory reaction along the course of the infected nerve root

32
Q

Herpes zoster (shingles) - clinical manifestations

A

Inc age = inc risk
Burning and pruritis prior to skin lesions
Vesicles appear, break open and crust over
Adjacent skin often becomes involved
Unilateral
During acute stage is infectious

33
Q

Herpes zoster (shingles) - timeline

A

Acute stage usually lasts 1-3 wks

Wound healing and pain continue a month or two

34
Q

Herpes zoster (shingles) - complication

A

Postherapeutic neuralgia - painful, limits ROM and mm function, can last years

35
Q

Herpes zoster - tx

A

antiviral meds - acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
Corticosteroids
Wound care
Pain control - meds, TENS, topical agents

36
Q

Warts

A 
Skin growths caused by a viral infection
Epidermis level
Hyperkeratotic lesions 
Human pipllomavirus (HPV) 
Contagious and spread through contact 
All warts have their own blood supply
37
Q

Treatment - warts

A 
Aimed at removing warts
Medications
Freezing
Surgical removal
Laser
38
Q

Scabies

A

Skin infection caused by parasites (mites)
Primary lesion is gray-brown in color and is a few mm in length
F mites lay eggs in these burrows
Eggs hatch within 10 days

39
Q

Scabies - transmission

A

highly transmissible both by direct contact and indirect contact

40
Q

Scabies - s/s

A

Pruritis
Vesicle formation
Most common site - webbed spaces

41
Q

Scabies - tx

A

Benzene compound applied

for the cleaning of surfaces - can use bleach too

42
Q

Pediculosis

A

Parasitic infection by lice

43
Q

Pediculosis - types of lice

A

1 pediculus humanus capitis (head)
2 pediculus humanus corporis
3 pthirus pubis (pubic) - considered an STD

44
Q

Pediculosis - transmission

A

readily tranmissible by direct and indriect contact

45
Q

Pediculosis - describe

A 
Lice are oval, gray 2-4 mm long
Wingless
6 legs
F lay eggs along hairshafts 
Eggs hatch and hells remain on hair 
Blood sucking - they need the blood source and will die without it wihtin 3 days
46
Q

Pediculosis - primary symptom

A

Pruritis

47
Q

Pediculosis - tx

A

topical compound (benzene)
Soaking with vinegar solution
Fine teeth comb

Practice topics Exam 2 (15 decks)

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