Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Practice topics Exam 2 > Skin Anatomy and Function > Flashcards

Skin Anatomy and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Skin is divided into two fundamental types

A

Glabrous (hairless)

Nonglabrous (hair bearing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary feature of glabarous is what

A

The presence of arteriovenous anastomosis

Allows for shunting of blood from the periphery to the core during exposure to cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skin is home to what type of cells

A

Langerhan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Langerhan cells are considered to be what

A

antigen presenting cells

they find pathogens that have invaded the dermis and present these to lymphocytes for destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Largest sensory organ

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vit D is needed for what

A

Bone health
Immune function
Cell growth
neuromuscular health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What triggers vit D synthesis

A

UV

UVB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vit D synthesis

A

Skin contains 7-dehyfroxycholesterol which converts to Vit D3 when exposed to sunlight
THe inactive compound is then acted on by the liver and then the kidney to transform it into vit D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Main layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer of skin
composed of 5 layres
thickness varies
continues to thicken into 40s and then starts to thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epidermis - turnover

A

14 to 21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epidermis - primary cell type

A

keratinocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dermis

A

made of 2 layers

thickest component of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dermis - primary cell type

A

fibroblast, also contains mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dermis - Extracellular matrix of the dermis is primarily

A

collagen (the rest is elastin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dermis - what percent is collagen and why

A

90% - improves integrity, anchoring, and general skin strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Subcutaneous tissue -

A

adipose cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Squamous cells

Synthesize keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Keratin

A

a protein that is the primary structural component of skin, hair, and nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Keratinocytes - migrate from where to where

A

from the stratum basale through to the stratum corneum

Takes about 28 days and at this point thery are anucleated and dead - they then act as a moisture barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Desmosomes

A

a type of junctional connection between keratinocytes holding them together
They do not exist in cancers - that is why cells are more able to metastasize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Melanocytes

A

account for the pigmentation of skin

Dendritic cells that supply melanin, via melanosomes, to the cells around them

23
Q

Melanocytes are found where

A

Found in basal layer of epidermis within hair follicles

24
Q

Melanocytes - Account for what percent of cells in epidermis

A

5%

1 melanocyte to every 35 keratinocytes

25
Q

Melanomas originate from

A

melanocytes

26
Q

Skin tone and pigmentation are related to

A

the size and amount of melanosomes

the amount of melanin is greater in darker pigmented skin (the number of melanocytes is the same though)

27
Q

Langerhan cells - what are they

A

part of immune system
They are mobilized by antigens produced by various substances that make contact with the skin
Cell takes up the antigen and moves it into the lymph system

28
Q

What is a postulated theory about Langerhan cells

A

A dysfunction of their migration may be involved in development of psoriasis

29
Q

Merkel cells are part of the

A

sensory system

30
Q

Merkel cells are located where

A

in the basal portion of the epidermis

connect to the sensory nerve fiber located in the dermis layers of the skin

31
Q

Merkel cells are considered to be

A

slow adapting touch receptors

often grouped in clusters - they are the site of a rare aggressive cancer called merkel cell carcinoma

32
Q

Basement membrane does what

A

Anchors the erpidermis and dermis via hemidesmosomes

33
Q

Basement membrane is primarily composed of

A

collagen fibers

Blisters generate secondary to frictional forces at this level!

34
Q

Basement membrane - what is located here

A

Terminal nerve endings - unmyelinated C fibers (slow pain)

Myelinated A delta fibers (sharp acute pain)

35
Q

unmyelinated C fibers respond to

A

mechanical, thermal and chemical induced pain

36
Q

Myelinated A delta fibers respond to

A

sharp acute pain

respond to pressure and cold

37
Q

Aging does what to basement membrane

A

flattens and dec level of contact between the dermis and epidermis - this is what the basement membrane is responsible for controlling - increases the risk of separation (skin tears)
Genetic skin disorders sometimes occur in this layer as well

38
Q

What is the thickest part of the skin

A

Reticular layer of the dermis

39
Q

Upper part of the dermis AKA

A

papillary layer

40
Q

Lower part of the dermis is AKA

A

reticular layer

41
Q

Papillary dermis

A

Collagen and reticular fibers
loose CT
Thin, very vascular, well hydrated

42
Q

Papillary dermis projects into

A

the epidermis giving unique patterns to the skin (fingerprints)

43
Q

Papillary dermis - primary function

A

cushion

44
Q

Reticular layer -

A

accounts for 80% of the thickness of the dermis
Highly structured irregular dense CT
Contains dermal appendages

45
Q

Reticular layer - functions

A

shock absorber

46
Q

Subcutaneous tissue AKA

A

hypodermis

47
Q

Subcutanous tissue - thickness

A 
Varies according to location
mostly loose CT (aerolar tissue)
Fat cells (adipocytes) - cushion, storage, insulation
Collagen - fascia
Blood vessels
48
Q

Dermal appendages - sensory nerves

A

Meissner, Pacini, and Rafiini
Non of these extend into epidermis

Free nerve endings do extend into the lower epidermis - they amplify pain and temp signals

49
Q

Dermal appendages - sebaceous glands

A

Exocrine glands
not found in palms, soles, dorsum of feet
Provide - moisture with their oily, waxy secretion of sebum
Associated with hair follicles - allows sebum to travel along follicles to reach skin surface

50
Q

Dermis appendages - hair follicle - function

A

Lined with erpidermal cells that go deep into the dermis
Offer source of epithelization in partial thickness injuries
Provide route for flow of sebum

51
Q

Dermis appendages - sweat gland - two types

A

Eccrine

Appocrine

52
Q

Dermis appendages - sweat gland - eccrine

A

ALL areas of skin
deposit water/Na mixture onto skin surface
Acts as temp regulator in warmer environments

53
Q

Dermis appendages - sweat gland - apocrine

A

Found in axilla, perineal and ubic areas, genitalia, nasal flares, eyelids
Inactive until puberty
Excrete protein rich secretions into hair follicles in that area
Odorless until microbial activity and then will smell

Practice topics Exam 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions