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Practice topics Exam 2 > Lymphedema > Flashcards

Lymphedema Flashcards

1
Q

Lymph structures of the body

A 
Vessels
Nodes
Spleen
Thymus gland
Lymphocytes
Peyer's Patch
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2
Q

Peyer’s patch is what

A

A collection of lymphoid tissue around the ilium

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3
Q

Lymph vessels of the small intestine absorb what

A

Fat and proteins

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4
Q

Lymph from the intestines is called

A

Chyle

It is a milky-white in appearance

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5
Q

Lymph vessels occur where

A

throughout the body with a few exceptions

- Bone, Cartilage, CNS

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6
Q

Lymph vessels are

A

Close ended vessels

Follow along with the superficial and deep arterial and venous systems

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7
Q

Lymphatic capillaries to what

A 
Procollectos
Collectors
Lymph nodes
Transport vessels (trunks)
Venous system
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8
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are what

A

Overlapping endothelial cells
Only one cell thick
Each cell has an anchoring filament to prevent collapse

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9
Q

Pre-collectors are what

A

Basically a larger lymphatic capillary
Direct fluid into the collectors
Wall structure varies

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10
Q

Collectors are what

A

Larger vessels that are segmented into sections known as lymphangions
Series of tricupsid valves spaced 6 to 20 mm apart
Contractile tissue
6 to 10 contractions/minute pushing fluid

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11
Q

Things that we do to impact the lymph system

A

Breathing
Muscle contraction
Vasomotion (arteries)
External compression

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12
Q

Lymph enters the nodes via ____ and exits via ____

A

Enters via afferent vessels

Exit via the efferent vessel and into a transport vessel

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13
Q

How many lymph nodes

A

about 600-700

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14
Q

Lymph nodes - anatomy

A

Encapsulated, peripheral lymphoid organs
Distributed along the course of lymphatic vessel
Act like a series of filters

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15
Q

Lymphatic trunks/ducts - Trunks are formed by

A

the union of efferent vessels coming from various nodes - empty into ducts

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16
Q

Lymphatic trunks/ducts - muscle layer

A

Is thicker

17
Q

Lymphatic trunks/ducts - Largest lymph vessel is

A

the thoracic duct which empties into the angle of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins

18
Q

Lymphatic trunks/ducts - Thoracic duct starts at ___

The abdominal portion is __

A

L2

The abdominal portion is the Cisterna Chyli

19
Q

Drainage fields

A

Two of them
Right
Left

20
Q

Right drainage field

A

Right head, face, shoulder, upper quadrant - all flow into right lymphatic duct
This then empties into the subclavian vein

21
Q

Left drainage field

A

Left head, arm, upper quadrant, and both sides of the lower trunk, and both LEs drain into the thoraic duct
This then empties into the left subclavian vein

22
Q

Lymphatic watersheds/Anastamoses

A 
Drainage pathways: 
Across sternum
Across scapulae
Axilla to inguinal area B
Across pubic area
Inguinal to inguinal area
Post - along superior gluteal region
23
Q

Function

A

1 Removes excessive fluid from body tissues
2 Lymphoid tissue plays role in acquired immunity
3 With inc interstitial pressure, more valves open and allow fluid to move through the system
4 During inflammation the collecting vessels in the area act very similar to the venous system

24
Q

Lymph load

A 
Proteins
Water
Cells
Waste products
Fat
25
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of the lymph vessels

26
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of lymph nodes

27
Q

Lymphedema

A

Accumulation of protein and cell rich fluid in various parts of the body related to a lymph system dysfunction

28
Q

Elephantiasis

A

A chronic infectious condition

end stage of lymphedema

29
Q

Lymphedema - Etiology (primary)

A

Hereditary
Congenital
Accounts for 10%

30
Q

Lymphedema - Etiology (secondary)

A

Most common
There is a precipitating cause
High output vs. Low output failure

31
Q

Lymphokinetic motion and pressure gradient

A

Blood capillaries (highest pressure) - interstitial fluid - lymph capillaries - lymph veins - lymph ducts - large circ veins (lowest pressure)

32
Q

Lymph load increase - can be from

A

Active hyperemia
Passive hyperemia
Hypoproteinemia

33
Q

Lymph load increase - from active hyperemia

A

Dilation of pre capillary sphincters

Can happen with heat application, massage

34
Q

Lymph load increase - from passive hyperemia

A

with venous obstruction, venous HTN, CHF, DVT

35
Q

Lymph load increase - from hypoproteinemia

A

Dec protein in the blood (can be from liver/renal failure or malnutrition)

36
Q

High output failure

A

Normal, intact lymph system is overwhelmed by demandNo change in protein component

37
Q

High output failure - Normal lymph system filters

A

about 10% of the normal fluid flow

System can handle up to 10x that amount

38
Q

Low output failure

A

Dec ability of the lymph transport system
High protein content within interstitial spaces resulting in inc oncotic pressures (moves H20 into tissue)
Inc collagen buildup within interstitial spaces
Becomes a chronic inflammatory condition

Practice topics Exam 2 (15 decks)

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