Skin and Wound Healing

Question 1

Functions of the skin

Answer 1

Mechanical barrier/protection
Immune system component
Thermoregulation
Fluid regulation
Vit D production
Sensory organ
Appearance
Storage

Question 2

Epidermis layers

Answer 2

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum (only in palms and soles)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 3

Cell types in epidermis

Answer 3

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

Question 4

Basement membrane

Answer 4

anchors the epidermis to the dermis
Primarily collagen fibers but also has some antigens
Genetic skin disorders sometimes occur in this layer

Question 5

Loose CT (areolar)

Answer 5

Widely throughout body
Very haphazard arrangement with large amount of space
Fiber type dependent on location

Question 6

Dense CT

Answer 6

Irregular - dermis, capsule, surrounding mm - collagen fibers with somewhat irregular arrangment
Regular - ligaments, tendons - collagen fibers packed and arranged in parallel fashion

Question 7

Dermis - layers

Answer 7

Papillary dermis

Reticular dermis

Question 8

Dermis -

Answer 8

primarily collagen with hyaluronic acid matrix
Interspersed with vessels (blood) and myelinated nerve endings
Also contains lymph vessels

Question 9

Cells within dermis

Answer 9

Fibroblasts - major
Macrophages, other WBCs
Mast cells

Question 10

Appendages with deneration from epidermal cells

Answer 10

Nails
Sebaceous glands
Hair follicles
Sweat glands

Question 11

Subcutaneous tissue

Answer 11

mostly loose CT
Fat cells - cushion storage, insulation
Collagen - fascia
Blood vessels incluing lymph vessels

Question 12

Blood and lymph - located in

Answer 12

the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Epidermis has no blood vessels
Lymph vessels parallel blood vessels

Question 13

Innervation of skin

Answer 13

Merkel cells
Meissner corpuscles
Pacini corpuscles
Raffini corpuscles
Free nerve endings

Question 14

Appocrine glands (skin color)

Answer 14

increased number in dark skinned

Question 15

Eccrine glands (skin color)

Answer 15

About the same across races

diet influences secretions

Question 16

Macule

Answer 16

Flat lesion
Different color from surrounding tissue
Less than 1cm in diam

Question 17

Patch

Answer 17

large macule - so also flat

larger than 1cm diam

Question 18

Papule

Answer 18

Elevated lesion
firm, circumscribed (you can feel edges)
less than 1 cm

Question 19

Nodule

Answer 19

elevated, firm lesion
deeper into dermis than papules (also in subQ tissue)
learger than 1 cm

Question 20

plaque

Answer 20

elevated, firm
rough surface (maybe shedding)
greater than 1 cm
seen with psoriasis

Question 21

Vesicle

Answer 21

elevated, serous, fluid filled
circumscribed
superficial (no deeper than upper layer, maybe to BM)
less than 1 cm
if cause is viral infection - the fluid inside has the active pathogen

Question 22

Bulla

Answer 22

fluid filled vesicle
larger than 1 cm
blister

Question 23

Wheal

Answer 23

Elevated, usually firm
may be irregular shaped but well demarcated
(insect bite)
Epidermal

Question 24

Pustule

Answer 24

Pus filled vesicle

most often infected but not always

Question 25

Cyst

Answer 25

Elevated
encapsulated
circumscribed
liquid or semisolid

Question 26

Keloid

Answer 26

Irregular shaped
Elevated
Enlargement beyond the borders of the scar
Excessive collagen formation

Question 27

Documenting lesions

Answer 27

characteristics
patttern
location and distribution
drainage/exudates

Question 28

Striae

Answer 28

Areas that undergo progressive stretching
Dermal layer damage with thinning of the epidermis
Excessive mast cell degranulation
Collagen and elastin fiber damage

Question 29

Spider veins (Telangiectasis)

Answer 29

Superficial venous system in that area is becoming insufficient

Question 30

Intradermal nevi (mole)

Answer 30

Classic from epidermis
not always elevated - can be flat
Color is important - check consistency

Question 31

Hyperkeratosis

Answer 31

verrucous cobblestone plaques
Inc proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes due to tissue lymph stasis
very firm
non pitting

Question 32

Warning signs

Answer 32

A - Asymmetry
B - Border
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - Evolving