Skin disease terminology Flashcards
Macule
Circumscribed lesion of <10 mm in diameter characterized by flatness and usually discoloured
Patch
Circumscribed lesion of >10 mm in diameter characterized by flatness and usually discoloured
Papule
Elevated dome-shaped or flat-topped lesion <10 mm across.
Nodule
Elevated lesion with spherical contour >10 mm across.
Plaque
Elevated flat-topped lesion, usually >5 mm across (may be caused by coalescent papules).
Vesicle
Fluid-filled raised lesion <10 mm across.
Bulla
Fluid-filled raised lesion >10 mm across.
Pustule
Discrete, pus-filled, raised lesion.
Crust
dried exudate serum, pus, blood cells, scales adherent to the skin surface
Erythema
superficial reddening due to dilation of capillaries
Wheal
Itchy, transient, elevated lesion with variable blanching and erythema formed as the result of dermal oedema.
Scale
Dry, horny, plate-like excrescence; usually the result of imperfect cornification (i.e., keratinization).
Lichenification
Thickened,leathery rough skin characterized by prominent skin markings; usually the result of repeated friction.
Excoriation
Traumatic lesion characterized by breakage of the epidermis, causing a raw linear area (i.e., a deep scratch)
Ulcer
a break in the continuity of the epidermis with exposure of underlying dermis
Pyoderma
skin infection and characterised by formation of pus
Epidermal collarette
a type of scale arranged in a circular rim of loose keratin flakes or peeling keratin, usually representing the remnants of a vesicle, bulla, pustule or papule
Comedone
A comedo (plural comedones) is a plugged follicular orifice
callus
a thickened, rough, hyperkeratotic, alopecic and often lichenified plaque, typically over bony prominences as a result of pressure and chronic low grade friction
scar
an area of fibrous tissue that has replaced the damaged dermis or subcutaneous tissue
Atrophy
wasting away of tissue
Hyperkeratosis
Thickening of the stratum corneum
Parakeratosis
retention of the nuclei in the stratum corneum.
Hyperplasia
Increased thickness of non-cornified epidermis due to increased numbers of epidermal cells and involves rete ridge formation –may be regular, irregular, pseudocarcinomatous
Acanthosis
Increased thickness of stratum spinosum often accompanies epidermal hyperplasia
Acantholysis:
Loss of intercellular connections resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes
Spongiosis:
Intercellular oedema of the epidermis.
Hydropic swelling (ballooning
Intracellular oedema of keratinocytes
Erosion:
Discontinuity of the skin involving incomplete loss of the epidermis.
Ulceration:
Discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often of portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat.
Actinic keratosis
firm, elevated, circumscribed areas of keratinocyte proliferation and excess keratin production secondary to solar damage
Folliculitis:
inflammation of hair follicles
Furunculosis:
rupture of hair follicles
Cyst:
sac like structures that may contain fluid or gas
Granuloma:
a circumscribed inflammatory lesion principally associated with histiocytes and macrophages
What is this
Erythema
What are these?
Vesicles
Describe this histopath
Spongiosis (intercellular oedema)
Widening of intercellular spaces by extracellular oedema
Take not of the spines between keratinocytes
What are these?
Pustules - vesicles filled with pus
What are the features of this disease?
Pemphigus foliaceus
Immune mediated destruction of desmosomal protein.
Crusting forms as a result of ruptures pustules.
What is this?
Callus
localised, hyperplastic reaction to trauma caused by friction, pressure
What is this?
Ichthyosis
What is this?
Lichenification
thickened and leathery skin (all layers incl s. corneum and epidermis)
What is this?
Actinic keratosis
What lesion is being pointed to?
Comedone
hair follicle plugged with keratic and lipid
What is this?
Crusting
dried surface exudate, sebum or blood mixed with cell debris
