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HLI > Haematopoiesis > Flashcards

Haematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Haematopoiesis

A

Production of blood cells

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2
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Production of RBCs

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3
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

Production of white blood cells

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4
Q

Myelopoiesis

A

Production of granulocytes and monocytes

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5
Q

Granulopoiesis

A

Production of granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

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6
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

Production of lymphocytes

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7
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

Production of platelets

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8
Q

Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH)

A

Production of blood cells outside of the bone marrow

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9
Q

Erythropoietin

A

hormone produced by kidneys that regulates erythropoiesis

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10
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

Hormone produced by the liver, kidney and marrow stromal cells that regulates thrombopoiesis

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11
Q

Sites of leukopoiesis

A

Ebryo - yolk sac
foetus - liver, spleen and bone marrow
neonate - liver and bone marrow
Adult - bone marrow (spleen and liver in disease)

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12
Q

Regulation of myelopoiesis

A

Stem cell factor, colony stimulating factor and cytokines e.g. IL-6 (neutrophil), IL-5 (eosinophils), IL-3 (basophils), IL-1,3&6 (monocytes)

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13
Q

Lifespan of lymphocytes

A

2 weeks in circulation

Memory cells can last for years

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14
Q

Cells in miotic Pool

A

Myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes

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15
Q

Time in miotic pool

A

2-3 days

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16
Q

Number of cells in Maturation/storage pool

A

80%

17
Q

How many days of storage does a dog have for neutrophils?

A

5

18
Q

Regenerative left shift

A

Where the absolute number of mature neutrophils outnumbers the absolute number of immature neutrophils (ie bands+metamyelocytes+myelocytes). This supports an orderly marrow response to demand.

19
Q

Degenerative left shift

A

Where the absolute number of mature neutrophils is less than the absolute number of immature neutrophils (bands+metamyelocytes+myelocytes). This supports a disorderly marrow response to demand.

Often seen in sepsis but can be seen in marrow disease such as myeloid leukaemia and myelodisplastic syndrome.

20
Q

Time in maturation pool

A

2-3 days

21
Q

Circulating pool

A

free flowing cells

22
Q

Marginal pool

A

cells adherent to vessel walls through expression of adhesion molecules. Ready to migrate into tissues.

23
Q

Mechanisms for increased granulopoiesis

A
  • Recruitment of more stem cells -> neutrophils (3-5 days to increase blood neutrophils.
  • Increased divisions in proliferation pool (takes 2-3 days to increase blood neutrophils)
  • Hastened maturation (seen in toxic change)
  • Neutrophil release stimulated by CSF, complement C5a, TNF-alpha
24
Q

Lifespan of granulocytes

A 
Neutrophils: 10-12 hours in blood
24-48 hours in tissues
Eosinophils: minutes to hours in circulation
lifespan unknown
Basophils: 6 hours in circulation
2 weeks in tissues
25
Q

Maturation of monocytes

A

24-36 hours

26
Q

Maturation time of megakaryocyte

A

2-10 days

27
Q

Avian and reptile thrombocytes have nuclei-true or false

A

true

28
Q

Platelet life span and storage

A

5-9 days

30-40% sequestered in the spleen

HLI (12 decks)

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