Bone Marrow Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Decreased cell formation

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2
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increased cell formation

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3
Q

Aplasia

A

Lack of cell formation

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4
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal cell formation

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5
Q

Dysmyelopoiesis

A

abnormal haematopoiesis resulting in cytopenias and dysplastic cells

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6
Q

Dyserythropoiesis

A

Abnormal erythrocyte production -> cytopenias and dysplastic cells

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7
Q

Dysgranulopoiesis

A

abnormal granulocyte production -> cytopenias and dyplastic cells

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8
Q

Myelofibrosis

A

fibrosis of marrow

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9
Q

Myelophthisis

A

displacement of haematopoietic tissue by other tissue (fibrosis, inflammation, tumour)

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10
Q

Pancytopenia

A

concurrent anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia

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11
Q

Myelodysplasia

A

abnormal haematopoiesis

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12
Q

Mtylodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

A

neoplastic disorder resulting in clonal dysplastic cells

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13
Q

Aplastic anaemia

A

lack of formation of all cell lines causing pancytopenia

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14
Q

Pure red cell aplasia

A

lack of formation of erythroid cell only

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15
Q

What clinical situation is a bone marrow aspirate indicated in

A

when haematologic abnormalities are not readily explained by a good history, physical examination and thorough evaluation of clinical pathology data has taken place.

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16
Q

What are indications for bone marrow collection?

A

Persistent cytopenias
Persistent cytosis
Atypical or immature cells on blood smears
Unexplained Hyperproteinaemia
Hypercalcaemia of unexplained aetiology
Staging malignant neoplasia
Evaluation of iron stores and determination of iron sequestration

17
Q

Features of acute myeloid leukaemia

A
  • Excess blasts +/- differentiated cells
  • can be myeloid, erythroid or megakaryocytic origin
  • hypercellular marrow with excess blasts
  • Aggressive disease with poor prognosis
18
Q

Features of chronic myeloid leukaemia

A
  • Excess production of mature cells
  • Any cell line
  • Hypercellular marrow with low numbers of blasts and ofter marked leukocytosis
  • May show dysplasia
19
Q

Primary Myelodysplasia

A

neoplastic disorder -> abnormal cell production -> poor pronosis

20
Q

Secondary myelodysplasia

A

secondary to drugs, viruses or toxins -> variable prognosis

21
Q

Causes of myelofibrosis

A

primary (neoplastic) or secondary (IMHA, drugs, marrow injury)

22
Q

Causes of myelophthisis

A

metastatic neoplasia, inflammatory cells

23
Q

Causes of myelonecrosis

A

Serous atrophy with starvation, toxins

24
Q

Causes of persistent cytopenias

A
Infectious (parvovirus, FeLV, FIV)
Toxins (Bracken, chemotherapy)
Immune mediated disease
Endocrine disease (hypoT, hyperA)
Neoplasia
25
Evidence of dysplasia
- inappropriate release of immature cells | - abnormal morphology
26
Causes of marked hyperglobulinaemia
- Inflammation | - Lymphoid neoplasia
27
Differentials for hypercalcaemia
- H yperparathydroidism - A ddisons (dogs) - R enal failure (horses) - D vitamin D toxicosis - I diopathic (cats) - O steolysis - N eoplasia - S purious
28
Marrow diseases that cause hypercalcaemia
- Lymphoma (usually T cell) - Multiple Myeloma (plasma cell tumour) - Oseolysis - osteomyelitis - osteosarcoma - Metastatic neoplasia
29
Bone marrow collection sites
Pelvis - iliac crest; med/large dogs Proximal femur - trochanteric fossa; cats and small dogs Proximal humerus - obese animals Sternum - horses
30
When not to do bone marrow biopsy
``` Coagulopathy -Warfarin toxicity -DIC -Hepatic disease Caustion if marked thrombocytopenia ```