Philias and penias Flashcards
Neutrophil kinetics - cow
Causes of neutropenia
What is this cell?
Lymphocyte - normal
Neutrophilia due to inflammation
Pull from storage pool to increase marginating and circulating neutrophils
Leukogram
Total leukocyte count, leukocyte morphology, individual leukocyte counts
What is this cell?
Basophil - cat
What is this cell?
neutrophil - normal
What is this cell?
Toxic change neutrophil
Causes of monocytosis
Acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation
Glucocorticoids/stress (dogs
Myeloproliferative disease (e.g. myeloid leukaemia
What is this cell?
Eosinophil normal
Causes of lymphopenia
Glucocorticoids/stress - reduced release from lymph nodes and spleen, lympholysis
Acute inflammation
Loss of lymphatic fluid - chylothorax, enteric neoplasia, protein losing enteropathy
Neutrophilia due to the stress response (cortisol)
Nuetrophils from marginating pool to circulating
What is this cell?
Monocyte - normal
Basopenia
Too few to recognise in health
What is this cell?
cat eosinophil
Monocyte functions
Provide macrophages to tissues
Phagocytosis
Immune regulation - cytokines and chemotactic factors, present antigen to T lymphocytes, perform antibody-dependant cytotoxicity
What is this cell?
Horse eosinophil
What is this cell?
Basophil - normal
Neutrophil kinetics - canine
Basophil functions
Histamine release
Promote lipid metabolism
haemostasis
parasite control
Neutrophil kinetics - cat
Causes of eosinopenia
Glucocorticoids/stress response
can be clinically insignificant
Neutrophilia due to excitement
Adrenaline mediated
younger animals
Marginating neutrophils to circulating
Neutrophil kinetics - horse
Causes of lymphocytosis
Chronic antigenic stimulation (vaccination)
Adrenaline/excitement (young animals)
Lymphoid neoplasia
Hypoadrenocorticism
Causes of eosinophilia
4 W’s
Worms
Wheezes and whelts
Weird diseases - paraneoplastic (lymphoma, mast cell tumour), hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic leukaemia.
How does bone marrow respond to inflammation?
Release of neutrophils from the storage pool -> mature neutrophilia
Neutrophils from the maturation pool -> left shift (bands)
Increased neutrophil production in marrow -> left shift in marrow then blood
Accelerated neutrophil maturation -> toxic change (not fully mature cytoplasm
Monocytopaenia
Clinically insignificant as many healthy animals have low numbers of monocytes in their blood
Causes of basophilia
Stress and inflammation in birds
Worms
Wheezes & whelts
Weird diseases
What is toxic change?
cytoplasmic “immaturity”
eg. basophilic cytoplasm, Dohle bodies, foamy cytoplasm
What is this cell?
Basophil - cattle
Eosinophil function
Kill helminths
Suppress and promote hypersensitivity
What can cause neutrophil left shift?
Inflammation - high tissue demand for neutrophils
myeloproliferative disease e.g. chronic myeloid leukaemia and neoplasia (paraneoplastic syndrome)
Functions of neutrophil
Phagocytosis
Microbicidal
