Philias and penias

Question 1

Neutrophil kinetics - cow

Answer 1

Question 2

Causes of neutropenia

Answer 2

Question 3

What is this cell?

Answer 3

Lymphocyte - normal

Question 4

Neutrophilia due to inflammation

Answer 4

Pull from storage pool to increase marginating and circulating neutrophils

Question 5

Leukogram

Answer 5

Total leukocyte count, leukocyte morphology, individual leukocyte counts

Question 6

What is this cell?

Answer 6

Basophil - cat

Question 8

What is this cell?

Answer 8

neutrophil - normal

Question 9

What is this cell?

Answer 9

Toxic change neutrophil

Question 10

Causes of monocytosis

Answer 10

Acute inflammation

Chronic inflammation

Glucocorticoids/stress (dogs

Myeloproliferative disease (e.g. myeloid leukaemia

Question 11

What is this cell?

Answer 11

Eosinophil normal

Question 12

Causes of lymphopenia

Answer 12

Glucocorticoids/stress - reduced release from lymph nodes and spleen, lympholysis

Acute inflammation

Loss of lymphatic fluid - chylothorax, enteric neoplasia, protein losing enteropathy

Question 13

Neutrophilia due to the stress response (cortisol)

Answer 13

Nuetrophils from marginating pool to circulating

Question 14

What is this cell?

Answer 14

Monocyte - normal

Question 15

Basopenia

Answer 15

Too few to recognise in health

Question 16

What is this cell?

Answer 16

cat eosinophil

Question 17

Monocyte functions

Answer 17

Provide macrophages to tissues

Phagocytosis

Immune regulation - cytokines and chemotactic factors, present antigen to T lymphocytes, perform antibody-dependant cytotoxicity

Question 18

What is this cell?

Answer 18

Horse eosinophil

Question 19

What is this cell?

Answer 19

Basophil - normal

Question 20

Neutrophil kinetics - canine

Answer 20

Question 21

Basophil functions

Answer 21

Histamine release

Promote lipid metabolism

haemostasis

parasite control

Question 22

Neutrophil kinetics - cat

Answer 22

Question 24

Causes of eosinopenia

Answer 24

Glucocorticoids/stress response

can be clinically insignificant

Question 25

Neutrophilia due to excitement

Answer 25

Adrenaline mediated younger animals Marginating neutrophils to circulating

Question 26

Neutrophil kinetics - horse

Answer 26

Question 27

Causes of lymphocytosis

Answer 27

Chronic antigenic stimulation (vaccination) Adrenaline/excitement (young animals) Lymphoid neoplasia Hypoadrenocorticism

Question 28

Causes of eosinophilia

Answer 28

4 W's Worms Wheezes and whelts Weird diseases - paraneoplastic (lymphoma, mast cell tumour), hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic leukaemia.

Question 29

How does bone marrow respond to inflammation?

Answer 29

Release of neutrophils from the storage pool -\> mature neutrophilia Neutrophils from the maturation pool -\> left shift (bands) Increased neutrophil production in marrow -\> left shift in marrow then blood Accelerated neutrophil maturation -\> toxic change (not fully mature cytoplasm

Question 30

Monocytopaenia

Answer 30

Clinically insignificant as many healthy animals have low numbers of monocytes in their blood

Question 31

Causes of basophilia

Answer 31

Stress and inflammation in birds Worms Wheezes & whelts Weird diseases

Question 32

What is toxic change?

Answer 32

cytoplasmic "immaturity" eg. basophilic cytoplasm, Dohle bodies, foamy cytoplasm

Question 33

What is this cell?

Answer 33

Basophil - cattle

Question 34

Eosinophil function

Answer 34

Kill helminths Suppress and promote hypersensitivity

Question 35

What can cause neutrophil left shift?

Answer 35

Inflammation - high tissue demand for neutrophils myeloproliferative disease e.g. chronic myeloid leukaemia and neoplasia (paraneoplastic syndrome)

Question 36

Functions of neutrophil

Answer 36

Phagocytosis Microbicidal