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HLI > Philias and penias > Flashcards

Philias and penias Flashcards

1
Q

Neutrophil kinetics - cow

A
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2
Q

Causes of neutropenia

A
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3
Q

What is this cell?

A

Lymphocyte - normal

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4
Q

Neutrophilia due to inflammation

A

Pull from storage pool to increase marginating and circulating neutrophils

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5
Q

Leukogram

A

Total leukocyte count, leukocyte morphology, individual leukocyte counts

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6
Q

What is this cell?

A

Basophil - cat

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

What is this cell?

A

neutrophil - normal

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9
Q

What is this cell?

A

Toxic change neutrophil

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10
Q

Causes of monocytosis

A

Acute inflammation

Chronic inflammation

Glucocorticoids/stress (dogs

Myeloproliferative disease (e.g. myeloid leukaemia

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11
Q

What is this cell?

A

Eosinophil normal

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12
Q

Causes of lymphopenia

A

Glucocorticoids/stress - reduced release from lymph nodes and spleen, lympholysis

Acute inflammation

Loss of lymphatic fluid - chylothorax, enteric neoplasia, protein losing enteropathy

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13
Q

Neutrophilia due to the stress response (cortisol)

A

Nuetrophils from marginating pool to circulating

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14
Q

What is this cell?

A

Monocyte - normal

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15
Q

Basopenia

A

Too few to recognise in health

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16
Q

What is this cell?

A

cat eosinophil

17
Q

Monocyte functions

A

Provide macrophages to tissues

Phagocytosis

Immune regulation - cytokines and chemotactic factors, present antigen to T lymphocytes, perform antibody-dependant cytotoxicity

18
Q

What is this cell?

A

Horse eosinophil

19
Q

What is this cell?

A

Basophil - normal

20
Q

Neutrophil kinetics - canine

A
21
Q

Basophil functions

A

Histamine release

Promote lipid metabolism

haemostasis

parasite control

22
Q

Neutrophil kinetics - cat

A
23
Q
A
24
Q

Causes of eosinopenia

A

Glucocorticoids/stress response

can be clinically insignificant

25
Q

Neutrophilia due to excitement

A

Adrenaline mediated

younger animals

Marginating neutrophils to circulating

26
Q

Neutrophil kinetics - horse

A
27
Q

Causes of lymphocytosis

A

Chronic antigenic stimulation (vaccination)

Adrenaline/excitement (young animals)

Lymphoid neoplasia

Hypoadrenocorticism

28
Q

Causes of eosinophilia

A

4 W’s

Worms

Wheezes and whelts

Weird diseases - paraneoplastic (lymphoma, mast cell tumour), hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic leukaemia.

29
Q

How does bone marrow respond to inflammation?

A

Release of neutrophils from the storage pool -> mature neutrophilia

Neutrophils from the maturation pool -> left shift (bands)

Increased neutrophil production in marrow -> left shift in marrow then blood

Accelerated neutrophil maturation -> toxic change (not fully mature cytoplasm

30
Q

Monocytopaenia

A

Clinically insignificant as many healthy animals have low numbers of monocytes in their blood

31
Q

Causes of basophilia

A

Stress and inflammation in birds

Worms

Wheezes & whelts

Weird diseases

32
Q

What is toxic change?

A

cytoplasmic “immaturity”

eg. basophilic cytoplasm, Dohle bodies, foamy cytoplasm

33
Q

What is this cell?

A

Basophil - cattle

34
Q

Eosinophil function

A

Kill helminths

Suppress and promote hypersensitivity

35
Q

What can cause neutrophil left shift?

A

Inflammation - high tissue demand for neutrophils

myeloproliferative disease e.g. chronic myeloid leukaemia and neoplasia (paraneoplastic syndrome)

36
Q

Functions of neutrophil

A

Phagocytosis

Microbicidal

HLI (12 decks)

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