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BodyLog > Skin, Dermatology > Flashcards

Skin, Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Hypodermis made of?
What cells?

What is its function?

A 
Adipose tissue
Loose CT ( Fibroblasts, Mast cells, Macrophages, Fibres)

Energy store, Shock absorber, Insulation, Site of hormone production

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2
Q

In Men and Women, where is Hypodermis thickest?

Where is it thick common to both genders?

A

Men: Abdomen, Shoulders
Women: Hips, Thighs, Buttocks

Palms, Soles of feet

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3
Q

Thinning of which layers cause wrinkles?

A

Hypodermis

Dermis

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4
Q

Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

What are the functions of the epidermis?

A

Avascular

  • Prevent water loss
  • Pathogen ingress
  • Keratin synthesis
  • Prevent Loss of underlying tissue
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5
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Which layer is not found everywhere, where is it found, how thick is this layer?

A 
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum (Only palms and soles, One cell thick)
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
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6
Q

Describe the Strateum Corneum

  • What is it made of?
  • Shedding
  • Where is it thickest
A
  • Squames (Dead keratinocytes)
  • Always sheds
  • Palms and soles
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7
Q

What is the Stratum Granulosum made of?

A 
Sratified Squamous Epithelia
Lamellar Granules (Make Tonofibrils and Keratin Fibres)
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8
Q

What is the Stratum Spinosum made of?
What structures are made here?
This is the first point where, WHICH structures are found?

A

3 layers of Cuboidal Epithelia held together by Desmosomes
Lamellar Granules
Golgi Bodies

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9
Q

What is the Stratum Basale made of?

What processes occurs here?

A
  • Tall columnar Epithelial cells
  • Tonofilaments
  • Keratinocytes renewed by cell division, As cells differentiate they move towards S. Corneum
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10
Q

How is keratin made, how does it reach S. Corneum?
What happens in Psoriasis? How does this present?
What happens in Hyperkeratosis? What causes this?

A
  • Made by keratinocytes, takes 28-40 days to reach S. Corneum
  • Takes 2-3 days, presents as silvery scales
  • Excess keratin on surface, Excessive Pressure, Inflammation, Irritation
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11
Q

How do the Dermis and Epidermis link together?

A

S. Basale interdigitates into Dermis

These are called Dermal Papillae

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12
Q

What are the dermis layers?

What are the functions of the Dermis?

A

Papillary
Reticular

  • Thermoregulation, Give skin structure-> Body shape, Sensory Structures
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13
Q

What are the 9 main function of skin?

A
  1. Protection and Repair
  2. Thermoregulation
  3. Lubrication (Sebum release)
  4. Vitamin D Synthesis
  5. H20 and O2 absorption
  6. Excretion of waste products
  7. Lipid storage
  8. Sensation
  9. Aesthetics
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14
Q

Where are Melanocytes found, and what do they do?

Why do different people have different melanin levels?
Compare number of melanocytes in different people

A

Stratum Basale, Produce melanin.

Melanocytes produce different amounts of melanin in different people.
Melanocyte no. is same in all people.

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15
Q

What and where are Langerhans Cells?

What do they do?

A
  • Dendritic cells in Stratum Basale

- Present antigens to T cells to cause an immune response

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16
Q

In which layer do keratinocytes undergo apoptosis, when moving to S. Corneum

A

Stratum Granulosum

17
Q

What Structures are found in Dermis?

A
  • Sebacous glands
  • Hair follicles
  • Sweat glands
  • Arrector Pili Muscles
  • Sensory Structures
18
Q

What are 5 skin-associated structures?

A
  • Hairs
  • Nails
  • Sebaceous Glands
  • Sweat Glands
  • Arrector Pili Muscles
19
Q

Describe the structure of a nail, and what they’re made of

What are some functions of the nail?

A

Made of Alpha-Keratin, Consist of Nail Plate, Nail Matrix, Nail Bed

  • Extended Precision Grip
  • Enhanced Fingertip sensitivity
  • Protection of Phalanx
20
Q

What do Sebaceous Glands secrete? What does this do?

Where are they found?

A
  • Sebum, an oily and waxy substance. Lubricates and waterproofs skin
  • Found near hair follicles
21
Q

What are Arrector Pili muscles, what do they do?

A
  • Smooth muscle fibres attached to “Hair Bulb”

- Caus hair to ‘stand up’ and induce Sebum release

22
Q

Where is the Hair Bulb (Base of hair follicle) found?

What are the functions of hair?

A
  • Papillary Dermis
  • Thermoregulation
  • Sexual attraction (Pheromones)
  • Sensation
  • Protection (Eyelashes, nasal hair prevent dust and pathogen entry)
23
Q

Compare the 3 types of hair

Which type replaces which?

A

Lanugo: On babies
Vellus: Short, thin, soft, light, Unconnected to Sebaceous glands
Terminal: Long, wide, dark, coarse (E.g in Nasal Passage)

Vellus replaces Lanugo

24
Q

Compare the 2 types of skin

What are the exceptions?

A

Thick: Non-Hairy
Thin: Hairy

EX: Lips, External Genital region, Back of ear

25
Q

What structures do Thick Skin not have?
And have more of?

What is the function of thick skin?

A
  • Sebaceous glands, Arrector Pili muscles, Hair
  • Mechanoreceptors
  • Prevent tissue loss due to abrasion, Increased skin-surface friction, Increase sensation.
26
Q

What are the 6 signs of Inflammation?

A
  1. Rubour- Redness
  2. Tumour- Swelling
  3. Calor- Heat
  4. Dolor- Pain
  5. Function Loss
  6. Pruritus- Itching
27
Q

What 7 factors should you consider when taking a dermatological history?

A
  1. Symptoms
  2. Exacerbating and relieving factors
  3. Past medical history
  4. Personal/family history of skin disease
  5. Drug history
  6. Social, occupational, travel, sexual history
  7. Psychosocial impact of skin disease
28
Q

What 5 factors do you consider when taking a dermatological examination?

A
  1. Adequate exposure and lighting
  2. Have you looked at hair/ scalp, Nails, and Mucous Membanes
  3. Morphology of disease- Appearance and Distribution of lesions
  4. Palpate (Touch) the lesions
  5. If appropriate, examine other systems (Joints, Lymph nodes)
29
Q

Compare;

  1. Papule/ Nodule
  2. Vesicle/ Bulla
  3. Excoriations/ Striae
  4. Macule/ Patch
  5. Erosion/ Ulcer
A
  1. Small lump <5mm/ Big lump >5mm
  2. Small H2O blister/ Large H2O blister
  3. Scratch marks/ Stretch marks
  4. Non-palpable area of discolouration/ “ “ >2cm
  5. Loss of epidermis/ Loss of epidermis and dermis
30
Q

Define;

  1. Erythrema
  2. Pustule
  3. Telangiectasia
  4. Atrophy
  5. Plaque
  6. Lichenification
A
  1. Redness
  2. Pus filled vesicle
  3. Thread vein
  4. Thinning
  5. Palpable, flat topped area >2cm
  6. Thickening of skin with exaggerated skin markings
31
Q

What is Eczema? (Atopic Dermatitis)

What are its symptoms? (Common and severe)

A
  • An itchy inflammation of skin
  • Most common: Dry, itchy skin, rash
  • Most severe: Cracking and bleeding
32
Q

What causes Eczema?

A
  • Allergies
  • Stress
  • Heat/ sweating
  • Infection
  • Detergents

BodyLog (11 decks)

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