Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

What is the Anatomical Position?

Answer 1

• Face Forward with eyes and toes pointing in the same direction
• Legs close together, Feet parallel
• Arms to the side, Palms facing forward

Question 2

What are the 5 body segments?

What do they consist of?

Answer 2

Head 
Neck
Trunk (Thorax and Abdomen)
Lower Extremity ( Feet, Legs, Thighs)
Upper Extremity ( Hands, Forearms, Arm)

Question 3

Compare Anterior - Posterior
Compare Superior - Inferior
Compare Medial - Lateral

Answer 3

Front of body- back of body
Above - Below
Towards midline - Away from midline

Question 4

Compare radius and ulna, in terms of being on the Lateral and Medial sides of the forearm

Answer 4

Radius- Lateral side of forearm

Ulna- Medial side of forearm

Question 5

What are synonyms for;

1- Anterior and Posterior
2- Superior and Inferior

Answer 5

1- Ventral and Dorsal

2- Cranial and Caudal ( Close to head/ close to feet)

Question 6

Compare Proximal - Distal

Compare Protraction - Retraction

Answer 6

1. Towards the trunk - Away from the trunk

2. Movement Parallel to ground away from trunk - towards trunk

Question 7

Compare Superficial, Intermediate, Deep

Answer 7

Superficial- Closer to surface
Intermediate- Between a superficial and deep structure
Deep- Further from surface

Question 8

Compare Supine and Prone

Compare Supination and Pronation of forearm

Answer 8

Supine - Lying straight with face pointing upwards
Prone- Lying straight with face pointing the ground

Supination: Forearm rotates so that palm faces forwards
Pronation: Foreaem rotates so that palm faces backwards

Question 9

Compare Unilateral - Bilateral

Compare Ipsilateral - Contralateral

Answer 9

Refers to one side - Refers to both sides

On same side - on opposite sides

Question 10

What are the Coronal, Sagittal, Transverse (Axial) planes

Answer 10

Coronal- Divides body into Front and Back

Saggital- Divides body into Left and Right

Axial- Divides body into Upper and Lower

Question 11

What are the 10 regions of the lower limb?

Answer 11

Gluteal Region (Cheeks)
Thigh Region (Anterior + Posterior)
Knee Region (Anterior + Posterior)
Leg Region ( Anterior + Posterior)
Ankle Region (Anterior + Posterior)
Foot Region

Question 12

What is Circumduction?

What does it involve?

Answer 12

A motion that describes a circular pattern

Involves: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction

Question 13

What are the specialist terms associated with Hand and Foot movement

Answer 13

Palmar
Plantar
Dorsal

Question 14

When describing movement terms, movements are;

1.
2.
3.

Answer 14

1. At joints
2. In a given plane
3. With reference to an anatomical position

Question 15

Define Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension

Answer 15

Flexion: Bending movement of one bone on another, decreasing joint angle

Extension: Straightening movement of one bone on another, increasing joint angle

Hyper: Continuation of extension, beyond the anatomical position

Question 16

Describe

1. Palmar Flexion
2. Plantar Flexion
3. Dorsifelxion

Answer 16

1. Flexion at wrist so that palm faces trunk
2. Flexion at ankle so that sole faces trunk
3. Extension at whistle and ankle joints so that dorsal surfaces face trunk

Question 17

Define Abduction and Adduction

Answer 17

Abduction: Movement away from midline of body
Adduction: Movement towards midline of body

Question 18

Describe Radilal and Ulnal Deviation

Answer 18

R: Hand moves laterally towards thumb

U: Hand moves medially away from thumb (Towards little finger)

Question 19

Describe Inversion and Eversion

Answer 19

I: Inward movement of sole at ankle

E: Outward movement of sole at ankle

Question 20

Describe Opposition and Reposition

Answer 20

O: Making thumb and little finger meet

R: Thumb and little finger move away from each other