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Dermatology > Skin conditions of the horse > Flashcards

Skin conditions of the horse Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Differentials for pruritic skin disease.

A

Parasitic skin disease

Hypersensitivity

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2
Q

Name a sucking louse which feeds on the horses blood and can be found in the mane, tail, fetlocks and pastern

A

Haematopinus ascini

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3
Q

This biting louse is more common in young animals and is found on the dorsolateral trunk.

A

Weneckiela equi (aka damalinia)

Malophagia

Feeds on epidermal debri

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4
Q

How can lice be transmitted between horses?

A

Direct contact

Indirect contact - brushes, tack, rugs etc

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5
Q

What clinical signs are associated with a louse infection in the horse?

A

+/- Asymptomatic

Restless

Poor appetite

+/- Pruritis

Poor coat - dull, alopecia

Severe debilitation

Treatment: Synthetic pyrethroids

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6
Q

This mite species causes intense pruritis and is mostly found in the distal limbs of feathered horses.

Outline the morphological features

A

Chorioptes equi

Cup-shaped sucker on a segmented pedicle

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7
Q

This zoonotic mite is mostly found on the head, neck and ears (but can be the whole body) and is notably difficult to find on skin scrapings.

A

Sarcoptes scabei

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8
Q

This host-specific mite is a cause of head-shaking in the horse.

Morphologically you will find trumpet shaped suckers on the jointed pedicle.

A

Psoroptes equi

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9
Q

What sampling technique should be employed for finding mites?

A

Skin brushing

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10
Q

Outline several treatment protocol and control policies for getting rid of mites.

A

Treatment: Avermectins (not-liscenced), lime sulphur, diazinon etc

Control: clip feathers, dinifect all rugs, tack, stable

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11
Q

This free living adult mite lays eggs on the horse leading to papules containing small orange larvae on ventral areas of the body.

A

Trombicularis

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12
Q

This mite species is a poultry mite which can be transmitted to horses and causes severe pruritis.

A

Dermanyssus gallinae

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13
Q

This commensal mite often causes pathology if the patient is immunosuppressed.

Which species are involved and where are they found?

A

Demodex:

Equi: body

Caballi: eyelids and muzzle

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14
Q

AKA neck threadworm

A

Onchocerca cervicalis

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15
Q

How does the neck threadworm cause pruritis in the horse?

A

Microfilarie migrate from the nuchual ligament to the skin and cause hypersensitivity.

(Can also cause ocular lesions)

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16
Q

This nematode is transmitted by flies which deposit larvae around wounds.

What clinical lesions are seen?

A

Habronema

Lesions: ulcerative nodules which show exuberant growth of granulation tissue with yellow granules.

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17
Q

Pinworm

How does this nematode cause pathology?

A

Oxyuris equi

Female saliva causes perianal hypersensitivity

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18
Q

Seasonal recurrent dermatitis.

Spread by which fly species?

A

Sweet itch

Culicoides

19
Q

With diet elimination therapy how long should the protocol last?

A
  1. 4-6 weeks on the basic diet (hay/grass)
  2. Reintroduce further foods
20
Q

How can contact allergy by diagnosed or controlled?

A

Dx. Provocative exposure

Tx. Avoid contact

21
Q

Type one hypersensitivity causing wheals, oedema and often pruritis/ discomfort.

A

Urticaria (aka hives)

Tx. steroids/ anti-histamines

22
Q

What is the difference between scaling and crusting?

A

Scale is dry and grey

Crusting is yellow-red and is wet/ damp

23
Q

Differentials for crusting, scaling, erosions and ulcerations.

A
  • Viral papillomatosis
  • Dermatophilosis
  • Bacterial folliculitis
  • Dermatophytosis
  • Photosensitive
  • Leukoclastic vasculitis
  • Pastern dermatitis
  • Pemphigus folliaceous
24
Q

Viral papillomatosis is characterosed by what?

A

Pineal acanthosis

Aural plaques

Grass warts

25
Q

Rain scald is caused by what bacteria?

What clinical signs are associated?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

  • Crusts
  • Moist mats of hair
  • Found on back, gluteals and face
26
Q

What bacteria is depicted here?

A

Dermatophilosis tracks of bacteria

27
Q

Which bacterial folliculitis is more painful? Staphs or streps?

A

Staphs

28
Q

Ring worm

AKA

Which species are the cause?

What clinical signs are associated with the species?

A

Dermatophytosis

spp. Trichophyton and Microsporium

C/S: Cigarette ash circular patched of fragile hair

29
Q

Differentials for photosensitisation

A

Hapatogenous

Ingestion/ application of photodynamic agents

30
Q

What histological features are associated with leukoclastic vasculitis?

A

Perivascular cuffing of leukocytes

Vasculitis (hypersensitivity T3)

Affects only non-pigmented skin

31
Q

Mud fever

What sequelae are associated?

A

Pastern dermatitis

Chronic hyperplastic haemorrhagic dermatitis.

32
Q

What clinical signs are associated with pemphigous folliaceous?

What pathogenesis causes this?

A

Severe crusting

Autoimmunity against demoglein 1 (superficial skin) causing blistering/ sloughing of epidermis.

33
Q

Warbles are caused by what species?

A

Hypoderma bovis/ lineatum

REPORTABLE

34
Q

Dentigerous cyst

A

Nodular growth of dental tissue

35
Q

Atheroma

A

Fatty lumps within arterial walls leading to nodular skin swelling

36
Q

Dermoid cyst

A

Teratoma containing epithelium, hair follicles and sebaceous glands

37
Q

Vascular harmatoma

A

Abnormal blood vessels which develop in utero

38
Q

Eosinophilic granuloma

A

Collagen necrosis

39
Q

Sarcoid

Definition and potential aetiologies

A

A fibroblastic skin tumour

Causes: genetic predisposition, bovine papilloma 1 and 2

40
Q

Name the six different presentations of sarcoid

A
  • Occult - ring, vessel associated
  • Verrucose - warty
  • Nodular - lump
  • Fibroblastic - fleshy
  • Mixed
  • Malignant - very aggressive
41
Q

What is the gold standard treatment option for sarcoid treatment?

A

Radiation therapy

42
Q

This tumour type is mostly found in greay old horses around the perineum, tail head and parotid region.

A

Melanoma

43
Q

This tumour type is mostly found in poorly pigmented animals (UV damage) and usually associated with external genitalia and eye (third eyelid)

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Dermatology (7 decks)

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