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Dermatology > SA Alopecia > Flashcards

SA Alopecia Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss

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2
Q

Causes of sel-induced pruritis.

A

Pruritic - parasites, allergy

Psychogenic- visceral pain, stress

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3
Q

What is the difference between inflammatory and non-inflammatory alopecia?

A

Inflammatory leads to damaged follicle

Non-inflammatory leads to hair cycle interruption/ abnormal formation of the hair

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4
Q

Causes of inflammatory alopecia

A
  • Infectious - S. pseudointermedius, dermatophytosis
  • Parasitic - Demodecosis, leishmaniasis
  • Immune-mediated - alopecia areata, dermatomyositis
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5
Q

What evidence may be suggestive of self-induced alopecia?

A

Hair in teeth

Vomits hair balls/ hair in faeces

Broken/ frayed hair on trichogram

Short/ spikey hairs

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial folliculitis in the dog?

A

Staph. pseudintermedius

Gram +ve coccoi bacterial + neutrophils on cytology (+nuclear streams)

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7
Q

What clinical signs are observed with Staph. pseudintermedius bacterial folliculitis?

A

Multifocal patches of alopecia

Pustules

Crusts

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8
Q
A

Ulcerated collarettes

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9
Q
A

Thick crusts and ulcerated skin

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10
Q
A

Papules and pustules

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11
Q

What fungal species are associated with Dermatophytosis?

A

Microsporium canis (gypseum - soil)

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

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12
Q
A

Fractured hair on trichogram - indicative of self-induced alopecia

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13
Q

What is the difference between a macula and a papule?

A

Macula are flat, papules are slightly raised - both penetrate deeper tissue (unlike plaques)

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14
Q
A

Follicular cast on trichogram - indicative of dermatophytosis lesion

Debris, fungal hyphae and arthrospores (soap bubbles)

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15
Q

What clinical signs are indicative of dermatophytosis infection?

A

Multifocal patches (round) of alopecia

Scaling/ crusts

Hyperpigmentation (chronicity)

Follicular casts

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16
Q

Which species causing dermatophytosis caused greater amounts of inflammation?

A

Trichophyton

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17
Q

What colour change on DTM is considered positive for Dermatophytosis?

A

Yellow to red

Dermatophyte test medium

18
Q

What treatment options are considered for dermatophytosis?

A

Topical - itraconazole, ketoconazole

Environmental decontamination - 1:10 bleach

Systemic antifungals

19
Q

Follicular mites

A

Demodex!
Long-bodied - canis, injai, cati

Short-bodied - cornei, gatoi

20
Q

What types of patient are more likely to present with demodecosis?

A

Juveniles - with immature immunesystem

Adults - immunocompromised

21
Q

Sequelae to demodecosis?

A

Secondary bacterial infection and folliculitis

22
Q
A

Localised patches of demodecosis - mainly seen in juveniles

Alopecia, sclaing, blue-grey pigmentation, comedones, follicular casts

23
Q
A

Generalised demodecosis - adult onset demodecosis

Papules, pustules, enlarged LN, painful/ pruritic

24
Q

Causes non-pruritic alopecia in cats..

A

Demodex cati

25
Q

Causes pruritic, infectious demodecosis in cats.

A

Demodex gatoi

26
Q

Outline a treatment plan for Demodecosis.

A
  1. Anti-mite treatment
    1. Amitraz (xxx cats), moxidectin, milbemycin, fluralaner, ivermectin
  2. Clip and remove debris (bathe)
  3. Treat SBI
  4. Use treatments until curative
27
Q
A

Leishmaniasis

  • Alopecia
  • Silver scale
  • Depigmented
  • Nodule, erosions, ulceration, Lymphandenopathy, crusts
  • Pyrexia
  • Muscle atrophy/ polyarthritis
28
Q
A

Amastigotes within macrophages on cytology

29
Q

Lymphocytic attack on hair follicle

A

Alopecia areata

30
Q
A

Dermatomyositic - causes scaring dermatitis, unknown aetiology

31
Q

Which endocrinopathies can lead to hair cycle arrest?

A
  • Hyperadrenocorticism
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperoestrogenism
  • Sex hormones?
32
Q

Alopecia 1-3 months after a stressful event..

A

Telogen defluxion - leads to synchronous growth

33
Q

Clinical features of endocrine associated alopecia?

A
  1. Bilateral and symmetrical
  2. Hyperpigmented skin
  3. Atrophic skin
  4. Dull/ dry coat
  5. Poor wound healing
  6. Post-clipping
34
Q

Tragic

A

Myxoedema of the face - secondary to hypothyroidism

35
Q

Dermatological signs of feminisation due to sertoli cell tumours..

A
  • Testicular discrepancy
  • Pendulous prepuce
  • Linear preputial erythema
  • Gynecomastia
36
Q
A

Feline paraneoplastic alopecia

  • Pancreatic carcinoma
  • Bile duct carcinoma

Skin is shiny and translucent - ventrum and legs

37
Q

Unknow aetiology of alopecia and hyperpigmentation in plush-coated breeds..

A

Alopecia X

Found on the trunk

38
Q
A

Seasonal flank alopecia - due to change in day length

39
Q

This breed has congenital alopecia caused by a hair synthesis defect..

A

Chinese crested

40
Q

Pattern alopecia

A

Older age

Minaturisation of hairs

Usually found on pinnae

41
Q

Lymphocytoc attack of the sebaceous glands

A

Sebaceous adenitis - greasy hair pluck

Dermatology (7 decks)

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