SA Alopecia

Question 1

Alopecia

Answer 1

Hair loss

Question 2

Causes of sel-induced pruritis.

Answer 2

Pruritic - parasites, allergy

Psychogenic- visceral pain, stress

Question 3

What is the difference between inflammatory and non-inflammatory alopecia?

Answer 3

Inflammatory leads to damaged follicle

Non-inflammatory leads to hair cycle interruption/ abnormal formation of the hair

Question 4

Causes of inflammatory alopecia

Answer 4

• Infectious - S. pseudointermedius, dermatophytosis
• Parasitic - Demodecosis, leishmaniasis
• Immune-mediated - alopecia areata, dermatomyositis

Question 5

What evidence may be suggestive of self-induced alopecia?

Answer 5

Hair in teeth

Vomits hair balls/ hair in faeces

Broken/ frayed hair on trichogram

Short/ spikey hairs

Question 6

What is the most common cause of bacterial folliculitis in the dog?

Answer 6

Staph. pseudintermedius

Gram +ve coccoi bacterial + neutrophils on cytology (+nuclear streams)

Question 7

What clinical signs are observed with Staph. pseudintermedius bacterial folliculitis?

Answer 7

Multifocal patches of alopecia

Pustules

Crusts

Question 8

Answer 8

Ulcerated collarettes

Question 9

Answer 9

Thick crusts and ulcerated skin

Question 10

Answer 10

Papules and pustules

Question 11

What fungal species are associated with Dermatophytosis?

Answer 11

Microsporium canis (gypseum - soil)

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Question 12

Answer 12

Fractured hair on trichogram - indicative of self-induced alopecia

Question 13

What is the difference between a macula and a papule?

Answer 13

Macula are flat, papules are slightly raised - both penetrate deeper tissue (unlike plaques)

Question 14

Answer 14

Follicular cast on trichogram - indicative of dermatophytosis lesion

Debris, fungal hyphae and arthrospores (soap bubbles)

Question 15

What clinical signs are indicative of dermatophytosis infection?

Answer 15

Multifocal patches (round) of alopecia

Scaling/ crusts

Hyperpigmentation (chronicity)

Follicular casts

Question 16

Which species causing dermatophytosis caused greater amounts of inflammation?

Answer 16

Trichophyton

Question 17

What colour change on DTM is considered positive for Dermatophytosis?

Answer 17

Yellow to red

Dermatophyte test medium

Question 18

What treatment options are considered for dermatophytosis?

Answer 18

Topical - itraconazole, ketoconazole

Environmental decontamination - 1:10 bleach

Systemic antifungals

Question 19

Follicular mites

Answer 19

Demodex!
Long-bodied - canis, injai, cati

Short-bodied - cornei, gatoi

Question 20

What types of patient are more likely to present with demodecosis?

Answer 20

Juveniles - with immature immunesystem

Adults - immunocompromised

Question 21

Sequelae to demodecosis?

Answer 21

Secondary bacterial infection and folliculitis

Question 22

Answer 22

Localised patches of demodecosis - mainly seen in juveniles

Alopecia, sclaing, blue-grey pigmentation, comedones, follicular casts

Question 23

Answer 23

Generalised demodecosis - adult onset demodecosis

Papules, pustules, enlarged LN, painful/ pruritic

Question 24

Causes non-pruritic alopecia in cats..

Answer 24

Demodex cati

Question 25

Causes pruritic, infectious demodecosis in cats.

Answer 25

Demodex gatoi

Question 26

Outline a treatment plan for Demodecosis.

Answer 26

1. Anti-mite treatment 1. Amitraz (xxx cats), moxidectin, milbemycin, fluralaner, ivermectin 2. Clip and remove debris (bathe) 3. Treat SBI 4. Use treatments until curative

Question 27

Answer 27

Leishmaniasis * Alopecia * Silver scale * Depigmented * Nodule, erosions, ulceration, Lymphandenopathy, crusts * Pyrexia * Muscle atrophy/ polyarthritis

Question 28

Answer 28

Amastigotes within macrophages on cytology

Question 29

Lymphocytic attack on hair follicle

Answer 29

Alopecia areata

Question 30

Answer 30

Dermatomyositic - causes scaring dermatitis, unknown aetiology

Question 31

Which endocrinopathies can lead to hair cycle arrest?

Answer 31

* Hyperadrenocorticism * Hypothyroidism * Hyperoestrogenism * Sex hormones?

Question 32

Alopecia 1-3 months after a stressful event..

Answer 32

Telogen defluxion - leads to synchronous growth

Question 33

Clinical features of endocrine associated alopecia?

Answer 33

1. Bilateral and symmetrical 2. Hyperpigmented skin 3. Atrophic skin 4. Dull/ dry coat 5. Poor wound healing 6. Post-clipping

Question 34

Tragic

Answer 34

Myxoedema of the face - secondary to hypothyroidism

Question 35

Dermatological signs of feminisation due to sertoli cell tumours..

Answer 35

* Testicular discrepancy * Pendulous prepuce * Linear preputial erythema * Gynecomastia

Question 36

Answer 36

Feline paraneoplastic alopecia * Pancreatic carcinoma * Bile duct carcinoma Skin is shiny and translucent - ventrum and legs

Question 37

Unknow aetiology of alopecia and hyperpigmentation in plush-coated breeds..

Answer 37

Alopecia X Found on the trunk

Question 38

Answer 38

Seasonal flank alopecia - due to change in day length

Question 39

This breed has congenital alopecia caused by a hair synthesis defect..

Answer 39

Chinese crested

Question 40

Pattern alopecia

Answer 40

Older age Minaturisation of hairs Usually found on pinnae

Question 41

Lymphocytoc attack of the sebaceous glands

Answer 41

Sebaceous adenitis - greasy hair pluck