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Integumentary 1 - Midterm > Skin - Class 1 > Flashcards

Skin - Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

another name for the skin

A

integument

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2
Q

the skin is the _____ to the body

A

mirror

reflects status of health of the body
-color
-temp
-etc.

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3
Q

what is the first line of defense

A

the skin
-bacteria
-trauma
-fluid loss
-keeps out microbes

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4
Q

skin is a ______ _____ of the body

A

major organ

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5
Q

how much of the body does the skin cover

A

entire body

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6
Q

how much does skin represent –> body mass

A

8-15%

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7
Q

how thick is skin

A

varies between 1.5-4mm thick

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8
Q

where is skin the thickest

A

palm and sole of feet

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9
Q

where is skin thinnest

A

eyelids

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10
Q

fxns of the skin

A

acts as a barrier

limits/regulates heat loss

sensation

excretion/absorption

biochemical

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11
Q

acts as a barrier –> fxn

A

infection/dehydration

thermal and mechanical trauma

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12
Q

limits/regulates heat loss –> fxn

A

perspiration

children’s regulatory processes are immature –> trouble regulating high/low temps

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13
Q

sensation –> fxns

A

skin is a major sensory organ

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14
Q

excretion/absorption –> fxn

A

waste products

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15
Q

biochemical –> fxn

A

formation of vitamin D

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16
Q

2 types of skin

A

thin/hairy

thick/hairless

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17
Q

thin/hairy skin

A

most of the body, more prevalent

general cutaneous fxn

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18
Q

general cutaneous fxn

A

sensory endings

general protective fxn

hair follicles

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19
Q

thick/hairless skin

A

extra strength

frictional surface

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20
Q

thick/hairless skin has increased

A

sweat glands and nerve endings

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21
Q

frictional surface is used for –> thick/hairless

A

locomotion and manipulation

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22
Q

where is thick/hairless skin located

A

palms and hand

sole of feet

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23
Q

the layers of the skin are a

A

intimate association

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24
Q

intimate association

A

b/w 2 layers w/ a third layer underneath

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25
Q

3 layers of skin

A

epidermis

dermis

hypodermis (subcutaneous)

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26
Q

epidermis is

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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27
Q

what layer is the epidermis

A

superficial layer

barrier to the outside world

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28
Q

thickness of epidermis

A

0.06 mm to 0.6 mm

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29
Q

what does the epidermis contain

A

pigmentation

keratin

merkel cells

langerhans cells

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30
Q

pigmentation –>epidermis

A

melanocytes

melanin

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31
Q

melanocytes

A

manufactures melanin

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32
Q

melanin

A

mature cells

give skin its color

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33
Q

keratin–> epidermis

A

has different levels of maturity

keratinocytes

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34
Q

merkel cells

A

mechanoreceptors related to light touch

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35
Q

langerhaans cells

A

prevent against infection

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36
Q

epidermal appendages are also called

A

dermal appendages

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37
Q

where are epidermal appendages located

A

in the dermis –> but are present though epidermis

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38
Q

what is contained in the epidermal appendages

A

hair follicles/shaft

sebaceous glands

sudoriferous glands

nails

arrector pilli muscles

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39
Q

what do we have through appendages

A

reproduction of epithelial cells

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40
Q

what does the presence of these appendages allow

A

healing w/o a skin graft

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41
Q

epidermis is a ________ ______ of _______ ________

A

progressive layer of dying cells

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42
Q

5 layers of the epidermis

A

corneum

lucidum

granulosum

spinosum

basale

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43
Q

basil layer (stratum basale)

A

deepest layer

responsible for the manufacture of keratinocytes

44
Q

keratinocytes

A

makes keratin

45
Q

where are the largest amount of melanocytes found

A

stratum basale

esp. in lighter skin

46
Q

melanocytes + keratinocytes =

A

epidermal unit

47
Q

epidermal unit

A

melanocytes associated with neighboring keratinocytes

dendrites from melanocytes provide pigmentation to keratinocytes

48
Q

fxns of the stratum basale

A

attaches dermis and epidermis

produces cells

49
Q

stratum spinosum

A

several layers of more mature keratin filaments

50
Q

how far is the stratum spinosum from basale

A

8-10 cell layers up

51
Q

fxn of stratum spinosum

A

allow keratinocytes to mature

52
Q

stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers of flatted keratinocytes

53
Q

stratum lucidum

A

few layers of flattened dead cells

appears clear

thicker in parts of the skin that are thicker

54
Q

stratum corneum

A

“horny” layer

superficial layer of the epidermis

primary barrier layer

55
Q

the stratum corneum is entirely a

A

dead layer of keratinocytes

20-30 cells thick

56
Q

the stratum corneum will have equal ______ regardless of skin color

A

thickness

57
Q

what is different b/w skin colors –> corneum

A

number of layers

58
Q

darker skin –> corneum

A

same thickness

more cohesive or compressed with more layers

more protection against UV rays

59
Q

dermal-epidermal jxn prevents

A

shearing of layers

decreased shear resistance

60
Q

dermal epidermal jxn consists of

A

Rete Ridges

Dermal Papillae

61
Q

Rete Ridges

A

pegs

epithelial extensions that project into the underlying dermis

62
Q

dermal papillae

A

dermal extensions extending up to meet rete ridges

63
Q

what creates the dermal papillae

A

interdigitating of rete ridges and dermal papillae

64
Q

fxn of dermal papillae

A

resist shear and tearing of skin

allows nutrients from dermis to feed the epidermis

increased area b/w epidermis and dermis for nutrition

65
Q

what happens to the dermal-epidermal jxn with aging

A

flattens –> results in skin tears

skin is not as strong or cohesive

66
Q

dermis

A

moderately dense, irregular connective tissue layer

67
Q

how thick is the dermis

A

2-4mm

68
Q

what does the dermis contain

A

high amounts of collagen

blood vessels, lymph

nerves

hair follicles

sebaceous and sweat glands (epidermal appendages)

69
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A

papillary layer

reticular layer

70
Q

papillary layer

A

superficial layer

connection to epidermis

contains blood vessels that supply nutrients and control temp of epidermis

71
Q

reticular layer

A

thicker

deep layer

provides elasticity and strength

72
Q

what does the reticular layer contain

A

structural support

contains type 1 collagen

vasculature supply

nerve endings, glands

hair follicles and elastic fibers

73
Q

fxn of the dermis

A

mechanical anchor

metabolic support

trophic protection

sensory organs

74
Q

mechanical anchor –> dermis

A

skin to underlying tissue

fibroblasts are common cells in the level of the dermis

75
Q

fibroblasts

A

make collagen

76
Q

metabolic support –> dermis

A

through blood supply to epidermis and through dermis

77
Q

trophic protection –> dermis

A

mast cells (immune response)

macrophages (WBCs)

78
Q

sensory organ –> dermis

A

sensory nerve endings

schwann cells (glial cells) located

pacinian corpuscles

79
Q

pacinian corpuscles –> sensory organ –> dermis

A

mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and high frequency vibration

senses stretch

80
Q

hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

A

highly vascular layer

composed of fat cells and connective tissue

not a true layer

81
Q

what does the subcutaneous layer contain

A

adipose tissue

fascia

82
Q

adipose tissue

A

fat (adipocyte)

manufactures fat cells

83
Q

fascia

A

connective tissue

allows movement of skin over body

84
Q

fxn of subcutaneous layer

A

insulates and cushions

85
Q

what happens to the subcutaneous layer as we age

A

hypodermis decreases in size –> skin begins to sag

86
Q

what is adipose tissue NOT

A

not a passive site for energy storage

87
Q

fat is the largest

A

endocrine organ in the body

88
Q

fat is classified as

A

an endocrine organ

an immune organ

89
Q

what does fat do

A

releases hormones

affect MS system, pancreas, heart and CNS

90
Q

adipocytes are

A

fat cells

91
Q

in normal weight individuals, fat assists in regulating

A

BP

appetite

blood coagulation

affects health of muscles

decreases risk of CVD

92
Q

with obesity –> fat cells

A

increase in size and number

93
Q

what does enlarging of fat cells result in

A

changes in physiology

94
Q

changes in physiology –> obesity & fat cells

A

hormones become abnormal
–> can enhance or cause metabolic disorders

95
Q

what do metabolic disorders lead to

A

chronic inflammation in the body linked to
-insulin resistance
—-> type 2 diabetes

96
Q

excessive body fat leads to

A

chronic state of inflammation in the body

97
Q

fat can be

A

subcutaneous or visceral

98
Q

subcutaneous fat

A

fatty layer

contains a large vascular plexus

provides padding to bone

energy release

99
Q

energy release –> subcutaneous fat

A

stores fat to be released when needed

100
Q

visceral fat

A

surround internal organs

RF for diabetes and heart dz/stroke

101
Q

waist to hip ration

A

describes deposition pattern for fat cells

102
Q

waist is smaller than hips

A

low risk for diabetes and CVD

103
Q

waist is larger than hips

A

high risk for diabetes and CVD

more visceral fat

104
Q

ex of hormone/protein released by adipocytes

A

leptin

105
Q

with normal weight –> leptin

A

provides appetite control

appetite suppressant in CNS –> signals the brain when you are full

increases energy consumption

106
Q

with obesity –> leptin

A

chronically elevated levels

CNS becomes leptin resistant

opposite rxn –> no appetite control

107
Q
A

Integumentary 1 - Midterm (23 decks)

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