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Integumentary 1 - Midterm > Depth of Burns and Clinical Signs - Class 5 > Flashcards

Depth of Burns and Clinical Signs - Class 5 Flashcards

1
Q

types of burns

A

flame

hot liquids

contact

electricity

hot gases

chemicals

friction

exposure

radiation

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2
Q

hot liquids –>

A

water

grease

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3
Q

hot gases –>

A

air in closed area

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4
Q

chemicals

A

acids

bases

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5
Q

friction

A

rope burn

road rash

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6
Q

exposure

A

sunburn

frost bite

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7
Q

burn wound classification extent of burn

A

rule of 9s

lund and browder chart

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8
Q

rules of 9s

A

head

thorax

sacrum

genitals

arms

legs

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9
Q

head –> rule of 9s

A

in total: 9%

anterior: 4.5%

posterior: 4.5%

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10
Q

thorax –> rule of 9s

A

total: 18%

anterior: 9%

posterior: 9%

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11
Q

sacrum –> rule of 9s

A

total: 18%

anterior: 9%

posterior: 9%

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12
Q

legs –> rule of 9s

A

each leg is: 18%

anterior: 9%

posterior: 9%

both legs: 36%

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13
Q

genital area –> rule of 9s

A

1%

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14
Q

arms –> rule of 9s

A

each arm is: 9%

anterior: 4.5%

posterior: 4.5%

both arms together = 18%

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15
Q

lund and browder chart

A

used to classify the amount of burns on a pediatric pt

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16
Q

types of burns (classification)

A

superficial

superficial partial thickness

deep partial thickness

full thickness burn

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17
Q

superficial burns are the same as a

A

1st degree burn

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18
Q

where does cell trauma occur –> superficial burn

A

only to the epidermis

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19
Q

will bleeding occur –> superficial burn

A

no

d/t avascularity of the epidermis

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20
Q

what develops –> superficial burn

A

erythema (secondary)

dermal irritation (primary)

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21
Q

is there damage to the dermis –> superficial burn

A

NO

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22
Q

blister formation? –> superficial burn

A

no

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23
Q

healing –> superficial burn

A

2-5 days

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24
Q

superficial partial thickness (SPT) burns are the same as

A

second degree burns

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25
Q

where does damage occur –> SPT

A

through epidermis –> epidermal layer is completely destroyed

into upper layers of the dermis –> papillary layer

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26
Q

what layers of the dermis are involved –> SPT

A

papillary layer of dermis is involved

may damage upper reticular later of dermis

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27
Q

d/t vascular nature at the dermis –> SPT

A

vascular dilation helps to dissipate heat

blisters will form

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28
Q

pain –> SPT

A

extremely painful

29
Q

what is SPT extremely painful

A

d/t the irritation of the nerve endings and pain sensors that survive the injury

30
Q

healing –> SPT

31
Q

deep partial thickness burns (DPT) is the same as

A

deep second degree burns

32
Q

what does a DPT involve

A

destruction of the dermis

severe damage to the dermal layer

33
Q

what is destroyed or injured –> DPT

A

most of dermal appendages
-nerve endings
-hair follicles
-sweat glands

34
Q

how will the burn appear –> DPT

A

red

tan

white

dull looking

34
Q

the deeper the injury

A

the more dull and white it will appear

35
Q

pain –> DPT

A

painful
–> b/c not all of the nerve endings will be destroyed

36
Q

the tissue may be –> DPT

A

anesthetic immediately after the burn

37
Q

what may develop –> DPT

A

eschar

coagulum

secondary to the injury and necrotic tissue

38
Q

evaporation –> DPT

A

tremendous amount of evaporation

grossly 15-20 times the normal amount through the injured area

d/t tissue and vascular destruction

39
Q

healing –> DPT

A

some healing can occur from the periphery or epithelial islands

3-5 weeks w/o infection

40
Q

what could infection cause –> DPT

A

development from DPT burn to FT burn

41
Q

full thickness burn is the same as a

A

third degree burn

42
Q

destruction of –> FT

A

all the epidermal and dermal layers

subcutaneous fat cell will also be damaged

43
Q

extent of injury leads to –> FT

A

coagulation of necrosed cells

destruction of blood vessels

massive edema

cellular infiltration into the burn

44
Q

eschar –>

A

dry and leathery

leaving burn rigid and non-pliable

45
Q

nerve endings –> FT

A

completely destroyed

burn will be relatively pain free

46
Q

color –> FT

A

will not blanch

47
Q

infection –> FT

A

if infection occurs –> burn can convert to include destruction of the underlaying fascia, muscle and bone

48
Q

fourth degree burn

A

electrical burn

49
Q

destruction of –> electrical burn

A

from the epidermis down to and including the underlying bone

50
Q

there may be –> electrical wounds

A

entrance and exit wounds

secondary to the type of electrical injury

internal injuries

51
Q

what may occur w/ electrical burns

A

fxs of the underlying bones

52
Q

PT –> electrical

A

gets ruled out for MI

53
Q

burn wound

A

zone of coagulation

zone of stasis

zone of hyperemia

54
Q

zone of coagulation

A

area that receives the most direct and intense heat

55
Q

cells –> zone of coagulation

A

irreversibly damaged

skin death occurs

56
Q

what is present –> zone of coagulation

A

tissue necrosis

eschar

57
Q

zone of stasis contains

A

injured cells that will die w/in 24-48 hrs w/o specialized tx

58
Q

blood supply –> zone of stasis

A

compromised by cellular and vascular changes

59
Q

what occurs in the zone of stasis

A

infections +/or dying of tissues could result in conversion of partially salvageable tissues into necrotic tissue

60
Q

zone of hyperemia

A

outermost area of burn

vasodilation and increased blood flow

site of minimal cell damage

61
Q

recovery –> zone of hyperemia

A

w/in 7 days

w/ no lasting effects

62
Q

currents will follow

A

path of least resistance

63
Q

where is current density the greatest

A

entrance and exit points

64
Q

tissue resistance –> greatest to least

A

bone

fat

tendon

skin

muscle

blood vessels

nerves

65
Q

when does tissue damage occur

A

when electrical activity is converted into thermal energy

66
Q

how will electrical current flow

A

most direct therapy from their point of entry to the point of grounding

follow path of least resistance

67
Q

electrical burns include

A

entry and exit wounds

arc burns

flame burns

68
Q

iceberg effect

A

electrical injuries can be deceiving

most damage can be hidden underneath the skin

Integumentary 1 - Midterm (23 decks)

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