Skin Changes in Disease Flashcards
Rash seen in measles
brick red, irregular, maculopapular rash that appears 3-4 days after onset of prodrome; begins on the face and proceeds down and out
Measles prodrome
fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Pathognomic skin change of measles
koplik spots on buccal mucosa
Characteristic rash in erythema infectiosum
fiery red “slapped cheek” appearance, circumoral pallor, lacy rash on trunk
Parvovirus is one of the most common causes of what disease in childhood?
myocarditis
Parvo B19 sxs in women
can mimic SLE, RA, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis, etc.
Ehrlichiosis
rickettsial infection common in Missouri; sxs include fever, chills, HA, malaise, myalgia, N/V, anorexia, abdominal pain, calf pain, edema of dorsal hands
Characteristic rash of ehrlichiosis
erythematous macules or papules, petechiae, or diffuse erythema that begins approx 5 days after onset of systemic symptoms
Systemic manifestations of Ehrlichiosis
resp (cough, dyspnea, adult RDS), neuro (meningoencephalitis, AMS), renal failure, DIC, pericarditis
Characteristic rash of Lyme Disease
erythema migrans, flat or slightly raised red lesion that expands with central clearing
Stage 1 Lyme disease
flat or slightly raised red lesion at bite site about one week after bite; concomitant viral-like illness develops
Stage 2 Lyme disease
bacteremia, lesions similar to primary lesion but smaller; malaise, fatigue, fever, HA, neck pain, neuro manifestations
Stage 3 Lyme disease
MSK manifestations, monoarticular or oligoarticular, neuro manifestations, acrodermatitis chronicum atrophicans
Infectious mononucleosis sxs
malaise, fever, sore throat, palatal petechiae, LAD, splenomegaly, maculopopular rash
Complications of infections mono
hepatitis, myocarditis, neuropathy, encephalitis, airway obstruction, thrombocytopenia
Two major clinical stages of syphilis
early and late, separated by latency period
Early syphilis skin changes
chancre, secondary lesion involving skin and mucous membranes
Late syphilis skin changes
gummatous lesions involving skin, bones, viscera
Skin and mucous membrane changes in secondary syphilis
diffuse, macuar, papular, pustular, condyloma lata, painless/silvery ulcerations in mucous membrane
Constitutional symptoms of secondary syphilis
low-grade fever, malaise, anorexia, arthralgias, myalgias
Clinical findings Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
stomatitis, vesicular rash on hands and feet, nail dystrophies
Clinical findings herpangina
sudden-onset fevers, HA, myalgias, petechiae or papules on soft palate that ulcerate and then heal
Characteristic skin change of HFMD
vesicular eruption on palms and soles; bright pink macules that progress to vesicles with erythema; may form yellow to gray erosions
Coxsackivirus complications
epidemic pleurodynia, aseptic meningitis, acute pericarditis
Toxic Shock Syndrome clinical findings
abrupt fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea; diffuse macular erythematous rash and non-purulent conjunctivitis
Scarlet fever caused by…
Grp A Strep pyogenes
Most common cause of tonsillopharyngitis in children and adolescents
Streptococcus pyogenes
Scarlet fever clinical findings
exudative pharyngitis, fever, scarlatiniform rash; strawberry tongue, exudative tonsillitis
Scarlet fever prodrome
0.5 to 2 days of malaise, sore throat, fever, vomiting
Scarlet fever characteristic rash
generalized, punctate, red, cirumoral pallor; fine desquamation involves hands and feet
Erythema Multiforme
rare cutaneous eruption characterized by “target” lesions on face and extremities
Infections that cause erythema multiforme
HSV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (look for sxs of resp infx or influenza-like illness
Characteristic rash of varicella
progression of rose-colored macules to papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusts; face, scalp, trunk, sparing extremities
Gonococcemia infectious agent
N. gonorrhoeae, gram-negative, aerobic coccus-shaped bacterium found in pairs
Classic triad of gonococcemia
dermatitis, migratory polyarthritis, tenosynovitis
Skin findings of gonococcemia
small to medium macules or hemorrhagic vesicopustules on an erythematous base on palms and soles; may develop necrotic centers, “gun metal gray”
Meningococcemia infectious agent
N. meningitidis
Presentation of meningococcal infection
meningitis, acute meningococcemia, or chronic meningococcemia
Rash in acute meningococcemia
petechial rash; rose-colored macules and papules
TTP pentad
thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, neuro sxs, fever, renal failure
DDx palpable purpura
vasculitis (SLE, Sjogren’s, Henoch-Scholein, RA) and infection (endocarditis, gonococcemia, meningococcemia)
DDx non-palpable purpura
ITP, TTP, DIC, clotting factor defect
Most common form of cutaneous skin CA
Basal cell carcinoma
characteristic appearance of basal cell carcinoma
pearly papule, erythematous patch; waxy, “pearly” appearance with telangiectasias
characteristic appearance of squamous cell carcinoma
nonhealing ulcer; small red, conical, hard nodules
Melanoma risk factors
sunburns, blue or green eyes, blonde or red hair, fair complexion, prior personal or family history
Most common location of melanoma
back for men, lower extremities for women
