Anemia Cases Flashcards
Signs and symptoms of anemia
fatigue, exercise intolerance, rapid heartbeat, pallor, tachycardia, systolic murmur, edema
Main two considerations when diagnosing anemia
are we not making enough blood? are we losing blood?
What do reticulocytes in PB indicate?
compensatory production by bone marrow
Anisocytosis
increased red cell distribution width
Clinical presentation of iron deficiency anemia
tired, weight loss, onychoschizia, pica, conjunctival pallor, cheilosis
Lab indications that iron is low
low serum iron, low serum ferritin, low transferrin (percent of stores)
Indications that body is compensating/waiting for iron
increased TIBC, Increased transferrin receptor
When a patient presents with iron deficiency anemia, what would prompt an eval for a GI bleed
male patients, postmenopausal females
Three important physiological changes that can result from anemia of acute blood loss?
Hypovolemia, MI, renal failure
Lab values for uncompensated anemia
retic low, hgb and hct low-normal
Compatible RBCs for Group O blood type
O
Compatible RBCs for Group A blood type
O and A
Compatible RBCs for Group B blood type
O and B
Compatible RBCs for Group AB blood type
O, A, B, and AB
Compatible plasma for Group O blood type
O, A, B, and AB
Compatible plasma for Group A blood type
A and AB
Compatible plasma for group B blood type
B and AB
Compatible plasma for group AB blood type
AB
Abs in group A blood
anti-B
Abs in group B blood
anti-A
Abs in group AB blood
none
Abs in group O blood
anti-A and anti-B
Rh+ abs
none
Rh- abs
MAY develop Anti-D abs
Universal RBC donor
O-
Universal plasma donor
AB
Sickle cell anemia
autosomal recessive condition characterized by predominant variant Hgb, glu->val mutation
When does HbS polymerize
when deoxygenated
Clinical consequences of sickle cell disease
stroke, acute chest syndrome, hematuria and polyuria, avascular necrosis, autosplenectomy
Acute chest syndrome
potentially fatal, initiates by vaso-occlusion caused by marrow emboli from necrosing bone
Drug that keeps HbS low
hydroxyurea, decreases HbS and increases HbF
Aplastic anemia
pancytopenia associated with bone marrow hypocellularity
Etiologies of aplastic anemia
acquired, iatrogenic, physical or chemical injury, genetic disease
Drugs that can cause aplastic anemia
chemo, chloramphenicol, chloroquines, NSAIDS, anticonvulsants, heavy metals, sulfonamides
