Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SBL > Derm Pharm > Flashcards

Derm Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Variables that affect rate of cutaneous absorption

A

region, concentration gradient, dosing schedule, vehicles/occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cream

A

half water/half oil with an emulsifier; spreads easily and well absorbed, best for oozing or wet skin conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ointments

A

20% water, 80% oil; feel greasy and stay on surface of skin; best for dry skin because they trap moisture, allowing for more complete absorption of active ingredient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Single most important measure to reduce transmission of microorganisms to other areas of the body or patients

A

hand hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alcohol-based hand disinfectants are not effective against what bacteria?

A

C. difficile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Emolients

A

form an oily layer on top of skin that traps water in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common emolients

A

petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil, and dimethicone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Humectants

A

draw water into the outer layer of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common humectants

A

glycerin, lecithin, propylene glycol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Horny substance softeners

A

loosen bonds between top layer of cells; helps dead skin cells fall off and skin retain water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common horny substance softeners

A

urea, alpha hydroxy acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Moisturizers for normal skin

A

water-based moisturizer that has a light, nongreasy feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Moisturizes for dry skin

A

heavier, oil-based moisturizer that contains ingredients to keep skin dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Moisturizers for oily skin

A

water-based product labeled “noncomedogenic”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Moisturizers for sensitive skin

A

sooth ingredients free of fragrances or dyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Moisturizers for mature skin

A

oil-based moisturizer that contains petrolatum as the base to keep skin hydrated plus antioxidants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

UVB radiation

A

280-320 nm, causes erythema/sunburn and skin aging and photocarcinogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

UVA radiation

A

320-400 nm, causes skin aging and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sunscreens

A

chemical compounds that absorb UV light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sunscreen ingredients active in UVB range

A

PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid) and benzophenones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sunscreen ingredients active in UVA range

A

dibenzoylmethanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sunshades

A

opaque materials that reflect light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sun protection factor

A

ratio of minimal erythema dose without sunscreen to minimal erythema dose with sunscreen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Clorhexidine

A

broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent widely used due to general efficacy on skin and low irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Prions resistant to antiseptics and disinfectants

A

CJD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Protozoan resistant to antiseptics and disinfectants

A

cryptosporidium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Spores resistant to antiseptics and disinfectants

A

Bacillus ssp., C. difficile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Role of biofilms in abx reistance

A

limited penetration, abx neutralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Is the use of antiseptic wash solutions necessary for wounds?

A

No, have minimal action against bacteria and may impede wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Is the use of antibiotic therapy necessary for wounds?

A

Should only be used for wounds that appear clinically infected, no evidence that prophylactic use helps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How is glycemic control related to wound outcomes?

A

poor glycemic control is associated with worse outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Typical reason for inadequate oxygenation of a wound

A

local vasoconstriction due to sympathetic overactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How does the removal of dead tissue and debris promote wound healing?

A

limits protease production and conserving local resources needed for healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Role of low-pressure irrigation with normal saline for wound debridment

A

should be routine, flushes bacteria and removes loose material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Becaplermin

A

platelet derived growth factor that promotes cell proliferation and angiogenesis, black box warning for malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

General principles of wound dressing

A

wounds should be kept moist and not exposed to air, wounds can be exposed to their own fluid and improve healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Wound dressing for debridement stage

A

hydrogel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Wound dressing for granulation stage

A

foam and low-adherence dressings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Wound dressing for epithelialization stage

A

hydrocolloid and low-adherence dressings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Bacitracin

A

abx that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, active against G+ organisms, anaerobic cocci, neisseriae, tetanus bacilli, diphtheria bacilli; may cause contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Neomycin

A

binds to 30s subunit, active against G- organisms, can causes allergic contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Polymixin B

A

peptide abx that binds to phospholipids to alter permeability of membrane, effective against G-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Topical imidazoles

A

block ergosterol synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Use for miconazole

A

vulvovaginal candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Use for clotrimazole

A

vulvovaginal candidiasis

46
Q

Use for efinaconazole

A

onychomycosis

47
Q

Use for ketoconazole

A

seborrheic dermatitis

48
Q

AE of topical imidazoles

A

stinging, pruritis, erythema, local irritation

49
Q

Ciclopirox

A

broad=spec topical antimycotic agent that disrupts macromolecular synthesis; active against dermatophytes, Candida, and Malassezia

50
Q

Terbinafine

A

allylamine that selectively inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme for ergosterol synthesis; less active against yeasts

51
Q

Tolnaftate

A

distorts hyphae and stunts growth; effective against various dermatophyte and Malassezia infections, not Candida

52
Q

Nystatin

A

alters membrane permeability, topical treatment used for candida infections (swallowed or cutaneous)

53
Q

Amphotericin B

A

alters membrane permeability, topical treatment for candida infections

54
Q

Acyclovir

A

Inhibitory activity against HSV 1 and 2, used for herpes labialis

55
Q

Nonpharmacologic interventions for pruritus

A

skin moisturization, cool environment, avoidance of irritants, stress reduction

56
Q

Potency of topical steroid treatment

A

Use low-potency on face, genitals, skin folds; use high potency elsewhere and titrate down

57
Q

Capsaicin

A

used for chronic pain and pruritis, activation of TRPV1 stimulates neurons to release and deplete neuropeptides to induce lasting desensitizations

58
Q

Salicylic acid

A

COX inhibitor, found in many skin-care products; causes epidermal cells to shed more readily, keratolytic effects

59
Q

Systemic therapies for pruritis

A

antihistamines, antidepressants, anticonvulsants

60
Q

Brimonidine

A

alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, topical gel causes vasoconstriction

61
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

mixes alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, cream causes vasoconstriction

62
Q

Malathion

A

topical organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor used to kill ectoparasites

63
Q

Permethrin

A

topical agent that binds to insect Na channels

64
Q

Ivermectin

A

administered orally, binds to glutamate-gated Cl- channels in invertebrates hyperpolarizes nerve and muscles

65
Q

lindane

A

topical agent that disrupts GABAergic transmission in insects

66
Q

First drug choice for comedonal acne

A

Topical retinoid

67
Q

First drug choice for mixed and papular/postural acne

A

topical retinoid and topical antimicrobial

68
Q

First drug choice for nodular acne

A

oral abx, topical retinoid, BPO

69
Q

First drug choice for severe nodular/conglobate acne

A

oral isotretinoin

70
Q

Most common topical retinoid

A

Tretinoin

71
Q

Common topical antimicrobials

A

benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin

72
Q

Azealic acid

A

dicarboxylic acid, involved in plant defense response to an infection; kills acne bacteria and decreases production of keratin

73
Q

Common oral abx used for acne

A

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, TMP-SMX

74
Q

Hormonal agents used for acne

A

oral contraceptives, spironolactone

75
Q

AE tretinoin

A

local skin irritation, dryness, flaking, sun sensitivity

76
Q

AE benzoyl peroxide

A

local skin irritation

77
Q

AE clindamycin

A

pseudomembranous colitis

78
Q

AE tetracycline

A

photosensitivity, GI distress

79
Q

AE doxycycline

A

photosensitivity, GI distress

80
Q

AE minocycline

A

dizziness, drug-induced lupus, skin discoloration

81
Q

AE erythroycin

A

GI distress

82
Q

AE azithromycin

A

GI distress

83
Q

TMP-SMX

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis

84
Q

Retinoid MOA

A

Increased transcription RARE ? , reduced follicular occlusion and microcomedone formation

85
Q

Home skin care recommendations

A

synthetic detergent cleanser with warm water twice daily, antimicrobial soaps not recommended; water-based lotions, cosmetics and hair products

86
Q

Initial topical therapies for psoriasis

A

emollients, corticosteroids

87
Q

Topical therapies for psoriasis

A

topical vitamin D analogs, tar, tazarotene, anthralin, salt water bath

88
Q

UV light therapy for psoriasis

A

UVB radiation to point of erythema 3x per week; PUVA penetrates deeper into the skin without causing sunburn

89
Q

Systemic therapies of psoriasis

A

methotrexate, apremilast, retinoids, systemic calcineurin inhibitors, biologic agents

90
Q

Apremilast

A

PDE4 inhibitor used for psoriasis, increases cAMP, decreases inflammatory mediators

91
Q

Ustekinumab

A

IL-12 and IL-23 mAb for psoriasis

92
Q

Secukinumab and Ixekuzumab

A

IL-17A mAb

93
Q

Clinical applications apremilast

A

moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, active psoriatic arthritis

94
Q

Administration of apremilast

A

orally

95
Q

AE apremilast

A

severe diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting; HA, depression, suicide

96
Q

Clinical applications ustekinumab

A

plaque psoriasis, Crohn disease, psoriatic arthritis

97
Q

Administration of ustekinumab

A

subQ

98
Q

AE ustekinumab

A

increases risk for infections and squamous cell carcinoma

99
Q

Clinical applications secukinumab

A

ankylosing spondylitis, plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis

100
Q

Administration of secukinumab

A

subQ

101
Q

AE secukinumab

A

increases risk for infection

102
Q

Treatment options for actinic keratosis

A

liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, surgical therapy, 5-fluorouracil, immiquiod, red light therapy, dermabrasion, chemical peels

103
Q

Topical 5-fluorouracil

A

inhibits thymidylate synthetase, enzyme in DNA synthesis; causes inflammation and dectruction of lesions

104
Q

Skin progression for topical 5-fluorouracil

A

erythema through blistering, necrosis with erosion, re-epithelialization

105
Q

Treatment of basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma

A

surgical removal/ablation, topical medications, vismodegib

106
Q

Treatment of melanoma

A

surgical excision, dacarbazine with carmustine and tamoxifen OR cisplastin and vinblastine; vemurafenib

107
Q

Minoxidil

A

vasodilation, K channel opening; promotes hair growth by increasing duration of growth phase, shortening rest phase, enlarging miniaturized follicles

108
Q

Fenasteride

A

Oral inhibitor of DHT (dihydrotestosterone), increases hair count

109
Q

Treatment of alopecia in men

A

minoxidil, fenasteride, surgery

110
Q

Treatment of alopecia in women

A

minoxidil, spironolactone, finasteride, flutamide

111
Q

Management of alopecia areata

A

chronic, relapsing immune-mediated inflammatory disorder affecting hair follicles resulting in non-scarring hair loss; treat with corticosteroids, topical immunotherapy

SBL (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions