Peds Leukemia and Lymph Flashcards
Reassuring qualities of a lymph node
where expected, soft, normal, mobile, not warm, not red, non tender, pt feeling okay
Concerning qualities of a lymph node
multiple locations of nodes, very large, matted and “stuck down”, fluctuant, tender, associated with enlarged liver or spleen
Hemangioma
most common tumor-like lesions of infancy, can be cavernous or capillary
Sturge Weber syndrome
facial port wine stain, leptomeningeal angiomas, developmental delay/intellectual disability
Neuroblastoma
tumor of sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla, elevated VMA and HVA; blueberry muffin baby
Wilms tumor
most common primary renal tumor of childhood, associated with Beckwith-Wiedmann, WAGR syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis)
Most common malignancy in kids<10 years old
Leukemia
Most common malignancy in adolescents 15-19 yo
Hodgkin lymphoma
Retinoblastoma
most common primary ocular malignancy of childhood, begins in the retina
Ewing sarcoma
bone or soft tissue around bone, causes chronic bone pain in area of tumor
When does physiologic nadir for Hgb in infants occur?
two months
What does a low or low-normal RTC count in an anemic patient indicate?
inadequate bone marrow response – bone marrow failure, ineffective erythropoiesis
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
congenital pure red blood cell aplasia that presents in infancy
Fanconi anemia
most common inherited form of aplastic anemia, macrocytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased apoptosis in bone marrow
IDA
dietary deficiency in peds, microcytic, hypochromic anemia; pale child that drinks a lot of cow’s milk
Mentzer index
MCV/RBC; >13 IDA, <13 thalassemia
Absolute neutrophil ct
[(% neutrophils + %bands) x (WBC)] /100
Kostmann syndrome
life threatening pyogenic infections early in life, impaired myeloid differentiation caused by maturational arrest of neutrophil precursors, autosomal recessive
Cyclic neutropenia
cyclic fever, oral ulcers, gingivitis, peridontal disease, recurrent bacterial infections, stem cell regulatory defect resulting in defective maturation, autosomal dominant
Schwachman-Diamond syndrome
neutropenia, exocrine pancreas insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities; defects in neutrophil mobility, migration and chemotaxis in addition to neutropenia, autosomal recessive
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
delayed separation of umbilical cord stump, recurrent and severe bacterial and fungal infections without pus accumulation, poor wound healing; diminished adhesion to surfaces, autosomal recessive
Hyper-Ig E syndrome
severe eczema, recurrent bacterial infections of skin, recurrent pulm infections; defect in chemotaxis of neutrophil, increased IgE, eosinophilia, autosomal dominant
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
partial oculocutaneous albinism, neuropathies, recurrent pyogenic infections; defects in chemotaxis and degranulation, ineffective granulopoiesis, autosomal recessive
Chronic granulomatous disease
recurrent purulent infections with fungal or bacterial catalase-positive organisms; defect in oxidative metabolism, absent generation of superoxide, X-linked recessive
