Intro to Pharm Definitions

Question 1

Drug

Answer 1

substance that brings about a biological change in function through its chemical actions

Question 2

FDA role

Answer 2

ensure drugs are safe and effective

Question 3

Pro-drug

Answer 3

drug that must be converted to it’s active form once inside the body

Question 4

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 4

field of study of appropriate use of medications to treat or prevent disease and manage symptoms

Question 5

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 5

field of study of genetic impact on drug metabolism or processes that can affect individual responses to drugs

Question 6

Pharmacoeconomics

Answer 6

field of study utilizing scientific and economic methods to evaluate and compare value between therapies

Question 7

Pharmacoepidemiology

Answer 7

field of study that applies epidemiological principles and methods to study uses and effects of meds on large populations

Question 8

beta blocker nomenclature

Answer 8

-lol, ex: propranolol, atenolol, metoprolol

Question 9

alpha blocker nomenclature

Answer 9

-sin, ex: doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin

Question 10

ACE Inhibitor nomenclature

Answer 10

-pril, ex: benazepril, lisinopril, captopril

Question 11

Calcium channel blocker nomenclature

Answer 11

-pine, ex: amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine

Question 12

Diuretic nomenclature

Answer 12

-ide, ex: hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide

Question 13

H2 Receptor antagonist nomenclature

Answer 13

-ine, ex: ranitidine, nizatidine, cimetidine

Question 14

Proton pump inhibitor nomenclature

Answer 14

-zole, ex: omeprazole, esomeprazole

Question 15

Duration of action definition

Answer 15

time period between onset of drug effect and end of effect

Question 16

Therapeutic window definition

Answer 16

ratio between minimum effective concentration and minimum toxic concentration

Question 17

Four classifications of chemical interactions

Answer 17

additive, synergistic, potentiation, antagonism

Question 18

Definition of functional antagonism

Answer 18

two agonists interact with different receptors to produce an opposite effect

Question 19

Definition of chemical antagonism

Answer 19

drug counters the effect of another resulting in decreased effect

Question 20

Definition of dispositional antagonism

Answer 20

metabolism of a chemical is altered and concentration and/or duration of chemical are diminished

Question 21

Definition of receptor antagonism

Answer 21

receptor configuration/specificity

Question 22

Therapeutic equivalence definition

Answer 22

must be pharmaceutically equivalent and it is expected to have the same clinical effect and safety profile

Question 23

Bioequivalence definition

Answer 23

similar rate and extent of absorption, 80-125% of reference product

Question 24

Pharmaceutical alternatives definition

Answer 24

same drug but different salts/complexes, or different dosage forms/strengths

Question 25

"A" Codes for therapeutic equivalence

Answer 25

drug products that are considered to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products

Question 26

"B" codes for therapeutic equivalence

Answer 26

drug products that FDA is considered not to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products

Question 27

gm or g

Answer 27

grams

Question 28

mg

Answer 28

milligrams

Question 29

mcg

Answer 29

micrograms

Question 30

mEq

Answer 30

milliequivalents

Question 31

lb

Answer 31

pounds

Question 32

kg

Answer 32

kilograms

Question 33

tsp

Answer 33

teaspoon

Question 34

tbsp

Answer 34

tablespoon

Question 35

oz

Answer 35

ounces

Question 36

ml/cc

Answer 36

milliliter/cubic centimeter

Question 37

mL in a tsp

Answer 37

5

Question 38

ml in tbsp

Answer 38

15

Question 39

ml in an oz

Answer 39

30

Question 40

ml in a quart

Answer 40

946

Question 41

ml in a pint

Answer 41

473

Question 42

L in a gallon

Answer 42

3.79

Question 43

Schedule I definition

Answer 43

non-research use illegal under federal law, no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse

Question 44

Schedule II definition

Answer 44

no telephone rx's, no refills, high abuse potential

Question 45

Schedule III definition

Answer 45

New Rx written after 6mo or 5 refills

Question 46

Schedule IV definition

Answer 46

Rx must be written after 6mo/5 refills, differs from schedule III for illegal possession

Question 47

Schedule V definition

Answer 47

non opioid rx dispensed without rx

Question 48

Major reasons for drug therapy failure

Answer 48

patient compliance, medication errors

Question 49

Factors that may impact administered dose and drug effects

Answer 49

physiologic variables, pathologic factors, genetic factors, interactions with other drugs, development for tolerance

Question 50

three pregnancy risk categories

Answer 50

pregnancy (including labor and delivery), lactation, female and male reproductive potential

Question 51

Pregnancy subsection of "Pregnancy Risk Categories" includes information about...

Answer 51

dosing and potential risks to the fetus, registry of info that collects data on how pregnant women are affected when they use a product

Question 52

Lactation subsection of "Pregnancy Risk Categories" includes information about...

Answer 52

drugs that should not be used during breastfeeding, known data regarding active metabolites in milk, and clinical effects on the infant

Question 53

Females and males of reproductive potential subsection of "Pregnancy Risk Categories" includes information about...

Answer 53

pregnancy testing or birth control before, during, or after drug therapy, and a medication's effect on fertility and pregnancy loss

Question 54

q.d.

Answer 54

every day

Question 55

b.i.d.

Answer 55

twice daily

Question 56

t.i.d.

Answer 56

three times daily

Question 57

q.i.d.

Answer 57

four times daily

Question 58

q.o.d.

Answer 58

every other day

Question 59

q."x"h.

Answer 59

every x hours

Question 60

q.a.m.

Answer 60

every morning

Question 61

q.p.m.

Answer 61

every night

Question 62

q.h.s.

Answer 62

every night at bedtime

Question 63

p.r.n.

Answer 63

as needed

Question 64

a.c.

Answer 64

before meals

Question 65

p.c.

Answer 65

after meals

Question 66

o.d.

Answer 66

right eye

Question 67

o.s.

Answer 67

left eye

Question 68

o.u.

Answer 68

both eyes

Question 69

a.d.

Answer 69

right ear

Question 70

a.s.

Answer 70

left ear

Question 71

a.u.

Answer 71

both ears

Question 72

drops

Answer 72

gtt

Question 73

p.o.

Answer 73

by mouth

Question 74

s.l.

Answer 74

sublingually

Question 75

i.v.

Answer 75

intravenously

Question 76

i.m.

Answer 76

intramuscularly

Question 77

s.q.

Answer 77

subcutaneously

Question 78

p.r.

Answer 78

per rectum

Question 79

NGT

Answer 79

naso-gastric tube

Question 80

OGT

Answer 80

oro-gastric tube

Question 81

dosage formula calculation

Answer 81

one dose = (doctors order/supply on hand) x quantity