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Dermatology AM > Skin and temperature regulation > Flashcards

Skin and temperature regulation Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is core body temp?

A

37 +/- 0.5

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2
Q

What happens to the body above 41?

A

Proteins syart to denature

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3
Q

What happens to the body below 30?

A

Lose conciousness

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4
Q

What does body temp vary with?

A

External temp
Activity
Circardian rhythm
Menstrual cycle

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5
Q

What factors are important in thermal balance?

A

Convection
Conduction
Evapoation
Radiation

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6
Q

What is conduction?

A

Heat transfer between directly touching objects

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7
Q

How do we lose heat via evaporation?

A

Respiartion

Sweating

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8
Q

How much heat loss if via radiation?

A

60%

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9
Q

How is the body’s temp detected?

A

Peripheral thermoreceptors

Central thermoreceptors

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10
Q

Where are peripheral thermoreceptors located?

A

Skin, esp face and scrotum

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11
Q

Where are central thermoreceptors located?

A

Spinal cord, abdo organs and hypothalamus

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12
Q

Where is information from the peripheral and central thermoreceptors sent to?

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

How us heat generated within the body increases?

A

General metabolism
Voluntary muscular activity
Shivering thermogenesis
Non shivering thermogenesis in infants

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14
Q

How is heat loss from the body reduced?

A

Vasomotor control- Sympathetic arteriolar constriction reducing blood supply to skin
Behavioural responses- reducing surface area, adding clothing, going somewhere warmer

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15
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

Fall in deep body temp below 35

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16
Q

Who is at risk of hypothermia?

A 
Neonates
Elderly
Vagrants- homeless person
Cold store workers
Outdoor pursuits
North sea workers
17
Q

Why are neonates at risk of hypothermia?

A

Not much fat, don’t shiver well

18
Q

Why are the elderly at risk of hypothermia?

A

Don’t detect temp change well

Less shivering capacity, less mobile

19
Q

What is the treatment of hypothermia?

A

Dry/insulate to prevent further heat loss
Slow rewarmingInternal rewarming with hot drinks and/or warm air
Fast rewarming by water immersion

20
Q

What are the types of frost bite?

A

Vascular

Cellular

21
Q

What causes vascular frostbite?

A

Vasoconstriction
Increase in viscosity
Promotes thrombosis
Causes anoxia

22
Q

What causes cellular hypothermia?

A

Ice crystals form in extracellular space, increasing extracellular osmolarity, causing movement of water from intracellular space
Dehydration and death

23
Q

How does the body minimise heat production?

A

Decreased physical activity

Decreased food intake

24
Q

How does the body increase heat loss?

A

Vasomotor control- arteriolar dilation
Sweating
Behavioural responses- increase surface area, remove clothing, move to shaded area

25
Q

What is heat exhaustion?

A

Body temp 37.5-40 resulting in vasodilation and drop in central blood volume

26
Q

What causes heat exhaustion?

A

Disturbance of body’s fluid/salt balance due to excessive sweating

27
Q

What are th symptoms of heat exhaustion?

A 
HEadache
Nausea
Confusion
Profuse sweating and clammy skin
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Weak pulse
Fainting and collapse
28
Q

What is heat stroke?

A

Body temp >40 due to body temp control mechanisms failing

29
Q

Wha are the symptoms of heat stroke?

A

hOt dry skin

Circulatory collapse

30
Q

Who is most at risk o heat exhaustion and stroke?

A

Neonates and elderly
People doing physical work in hot, humid environment
Workers in non breathable protective clothing

31
Q

What is the treatment of heat exhaustion and stroke?

A 
Move to cool environment
Remove clothing
Fan
Sponge with tepid water
Give fluids, oral or IV
32
Q

What is a fever?

A

Part of body’s mechanism for fighting infection

33
Q

What causes a fever?

A

Endogenous pyrogens shifting the set point

Dermatology AM (9 decks)

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