Pharmacology and prescribing Flashcards
What is pharmacology?
Branch of medicine concerned with uses, effects and modes of action of drugs
What is pharmacokinetics?
Effects of the body on the drug
What 3 things should be considered in pharmacokinetics?
Distrubution
Metabolism
Excretion
What is pharmacodynamics?
Effect of the drug on the body
What should be considered in pharmacodynamics?
Age of patient
Pregnancy risk
Drug interactions
Pharmacogenetics
What factors are associated wth poor treatment adherence?
Psychiatric co-morbidities Slower acting agents Multiple applications oer day Lack of patient education Cosmetic acceptability treatments Un-intentional non-adherence
What is in topic therapies?
Vehicle + active drug
What is a vehicle?
Pharmacologically inert, physically and chemically stable substance that carried drug
What factor affect topic drug absorption?
Concentration Base/vehicle Chemical properties of drug Thickness and hydration of stratum corneum Temperature Skin site Occlusion
What drugs can ge given topically?
Corticosteroids Antibiotics Antiviral Dithranol Vitamin analogues Chemo Parasiticdals Coal tar Anti-inflammatory Salicylic acid
What properties to topical corticosteroids have?
Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
What are the functions of topical corticosteroids>
Regulate;ate pro-inflammatory cytokines
Suppress fibroblast, endothelial and leukocyte function
Vasoconstriction
Inhibit vascular permeability
What are the side effects of topical corticosteroids?
Thinning/atrophy Striae Bruising Hirsutism Telangiectasia Acne/rosacea/perioral dermatitis Glaucoma Systemic absorption Cataracts
What are the dermatological systemic treatments?
Retinoids
Traditional immunosuppressants
Biologics
What are retinoids?
Vit A analogues
What is the function of retinoids?
Normalise keratinocyte function
Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects
What are retinoids used to treat?
Acne
Psoraisos
Citaneous T cell lymphoma
Hand eczema
What are traditional immunosuppressants used for?
Treatment of inflammatory skin disorders
What risks are associated with traditional immunosuppressants?
Malignancy and serious infection
What has to be done regularly with use of traditional immunosuppressants?
Regular blood testing
What are biologics used to treat?
Inflammatory skin disorders
Revolutionary in treatment of advance melanoma
What are the risks associated with biologics?
Infection and malignancy
