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dermatology am > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the layers of th skin?

A

Sub cutis
Dermis
Epidermis

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2
Q

What is the sub cutis?

A

Innermost layer of kin

Fat energy store that offers insulin and fibrous bands that anchor skin to fascia

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3
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Collagen and elastic matrix

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4
Q

What is in the dermis?

A

Mucopolysaccharise gel, fibroblasts, dermal dendrites cells and macrophages

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5
Q

What are the types of cell in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Langerhans
Melanocytes

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6
Q

What cells form the majority of th epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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7
Q

What is the function of langerhans cells in the epidermis?

A

Process antigens and migrate to lymph nodes to induce immune response

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8
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Cells that are excreted and phagocytksed into keratinocytes

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9
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
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10
Q

What is the structure of the stratum corneum?

A

Dead cells in a hard protein envelope- cells contain keratin and are surrounded by lipids

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11
Q

What is the structure of the stratum lucidum?

A

Dead cells that lie within keratohyalin

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12
Q

What is the structure of he stratum granulosum?

A

Keratohyalin and a hard protein envelope form

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13
Q

What happens in the stratum granulosum?

A

Lamellar bodies release lipids and cells die

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14
Q

What is the structure of th stratum spinosum?

A

Keratin fibres and lamellar bodies

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15
Q

What happens on the stratum basale?

A

Cells divide by mitosis and some newly formed cells become the cells of the more superficial strata

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16
Q

What are the regions of the nail?

A

Lunula
Nail plate
Hyponychium

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17
Q

What are the 3 stages of hair growth?

A

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

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18
Q

What is the anagen phase?

A

Active phase pf hair growth

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19
Q

What is the catagen phase?

A

Growth stops and follicle shrinks- 2-3 week phase

20
Q

What is the telegenic phase?

A

Resting phase for 1-4 months, up to 10% hair on normal scalp

21
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A 
Thermoregulation
Immune
Barrier
Sensation
Vit D synthesis
Interpersonal communication
22
Q

What are the thermoregulative functions f the skin?

A

Insulation

Heat transfer

23
Q

What does the skin protect against?

A

MEchanical
Chemical
UV light
Microorganisms

24
Q

What does the skin keep in?

A

Water
Electrolytes
Macromolecules

25
Q

What sensations is skin involved in?

A

Temperature
Touch
Pain

26
Q

What is UV light used for?

A

Convert 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol

27
Q

What can skin disease cause?

A 
Disfirgurement
Discomfort
Disability
Depression
Death
28
Q

What are the types of causes of skin disease?

A

External

Internal

29
Q

What are the eternal causes of skin disease?

A 
Temperature
UV light
Chemical
Infection
Trauma
30
Q

What are the chemical causes of skin disease?

A

Allergen or irritant

31
Q

What are the internal causes of skin disease?

A

Systemic disease
Genetics
Drugs
Infection

32
Q

What is a macule?

A

Small circumscribed area

33
Q

What s a patch?

A

Large circumscribed area

34
Q

What is a papule?

A

Small raised area

35
Q

What is a plaque?

A

Larger raised area

36
Q

What isa vesicle?

A

Small, fluid filled

37
Q

What is a bulla?

A

Large, fluid filled

38
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Small pus filled

39
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Large pus filled

40
Q

What is an erosion?

A

Loss f epidermis

41
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis

42
Q

What is classed as “small”?

A

<5mm

43
Q

What investigations should be done for a bacterial infection?

A

Charcoal swab- ask for microscopy, culture and sensitivities

44
Q

What investigations should be done or a viral infection?

A

Viral swab for PCR- skin or vesicle/bulla

Is systemic illness, take throat swab

45
Q

What is taken for a fungal infection?

A

Skin scraping
Nail clipping
Hair sample

46
Q

What is the common way to take a skin biopsy?

A

Punch biopsy

47
Q

When is a skin biopsy done?

A

When there is no sign of infection or unknown cause of reaction

dermatology am (9 decks)

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