Benign and premalignant skin conditions Flashcards
What are the types of benign skin lesion?
Seborrhoeic keratosis Viral warts Cysts Dermatofibroma Lipoma VAscular lesions
What are the clinical features of seborrhoeic keratosis?
Warty growth, stuck on appearance, but can be variable
Patient may have multiple cherry adenomas
What is the treatment of seborrhoea keratosis?
Can be left untreated but if troublesome
- cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
- curettage
What is Leser-Trelat?
Paraneoplastic phenomenon- abrupt onset of widespread seborrhoea keratosis, particularly in younger individual
What does Leser Trelat indicate?
Possible underlying malignancy e.g. GI adenocarcinoma
What causes viral warts?
HPV
What is the appearance of viral warts?
Rough hyperkeratotic surface
What is the treatment of viral warts?
Cryotherapy or wart paints
Curettage in severe cases
When do viral warts clear?
When immunity is developed to HPV
What are cysts?
Encapsulated lesion containing fluid or semi fluid material
Usually firm and fluctuant
Can rupture and cause inflammation of surrounding skin or become affected
What are the types of cyst?
Epidermoid cyst Pilar cyst Steatocystoma Dermoid cyst Hidrocystoma Ganglion cyst
What is the treatment of a cyst?
Excision
What is the treatment of an infected/inflamed cyst?
Antibiotics
Intralesional steroid
Incision and drainage
What ar the clinical features of a dermatofibroma?
Benign fibrous nodule, often on limbs
Firn nodule tethered to skin but mobile over fat
Pale pink/brown. often [aler in centre
Dimple sign positive
Usually asymptomatic but may be itchy or tender
What are dermatofibromas caused by?
Proliferation of fibroblasts
What is the treatment of a dermatofibroma?
Excision if concerning or symptomatic
What is a lipoma?
Benign tumour consisting of fat cells- smooth and rubbery subcutaneous mass that can be tender
What types of lipoma are the der?
Angiolipoma
Liposarcoma
What are the types of benign vascular lesions?
ANgioma
Pyogenic granuloma
What is an angioma?
Pregnancy
Liver diseaseOvergrowth of blood vessels in the skin due to proliferating endothelial cells
What are the clinical features of an angioma?What are the risk factors for an angioma?
Generally asymptomatic but may be unsightly or bleed
What is the treatment of angiomas?
Excision
Laser
What is a pyogenic granuloma?
Rapidly enlarging red/raw growth, often at site of trauma
What are the clinical features of a pyogenic granuloma?
Bleed easily
Common on head and hands
Common in pregnancy
What is the treatment of pyogenic granulomas?
Curettage and cautery
What are the risk factors for pre malignancy skin lesions to become malignant?
UV radiation
Immunosuppression
What are the types pf premalignant skin lesions?
Actinic keratosis
Bowen’s disease
Melanoma in situ
What are the clinical features of actinic keratosis?
Rough, scaly patches on sun damaged skin
Low risk of progression to SCC
Common and may spontaneously resolve
What is the treatment of actinic keratosis?
Cryotherapy
Curettage
Diclofenal gel
Imiquimod
What is Bowen’s disease?
Irregular, scaly erythematous plaque with full thickness dysplasia, entirely comtaioin in epidermis
What is the likelihood of malignant progression with Bowen’s disease?
5%
What is the treatment of Bowen’s disease?
Cryotherapy
Curettage
Photodynamic therapy
Imiquimod
What is a melanoma in situ?
Melanoma cells entirely confine din epidermis with no metastatic potential
What is the treatment of melanoma in situ?
EXcision
What is imiquimod?
Immune response modifier
What is lentigo maligna?
Type of melanoma in situ, usually facial
