Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Infection > Skin and Soft Tissue Infections > Flashcards

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is Impetigo

A

Superficial Skin infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does impetigo present

A

Multiple vesicular lesions on an erythematous base with a golden crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the possible causes of impetigo

A

Staph aureus or strep pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In which area of the population is impetigo present

A

2-5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does impetigo tend to occur

A

Face, extremities and scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the predisposing factors of impetigo

A

Skin abrasions, minor trauma, burns, poor hygiene, insect bites etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State the treatment of impetigo

A

Small areas treated with topical antibiotics alone but large areas may need flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What us erysipelas

A

Infection of the upper dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State the symptoms of erysipelas

A

Painful red area, associated fever, regional lymphadenopathy and lympgangitis, distinct elevated borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organism tends to cause erysipelas

A

Strep pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does erysipelas tend to occur

A

The face and the lower limbs. In areas of pre-existing oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

State the recurrence rate of erysipelas

A

30% within 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is cellulitis

A

Diffuse skin infection involving the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does cellulitis present

A

It presents as a spreading erythematous area with no distinct borders, fever, regional lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State the most likely organisms for causing cellulitis

A

Strep pyogenes and staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the predisposing factors for cellulitis

A

Diabetes, tinea pedis and lymphoedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

State the treatmentof erysipelas and cellulitis

A

Combination of anti-staph and anti-strep antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is folliculitis

A

Circumscribed, pustular infection of a hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does folliculitis present

A

Small red papules with central area of purulence that may rupture and drain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is folliculitis often found

A

Head, back, buttocks and extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

State the most common causative organism of folliculitis

A

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is furunculosis

A

Single hair follicle associated inflammatory nodules which extend into the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which area is mostly affected by furunculosis

A

Moist, hairy, friction prone areas of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

State the most common causative organism of furunculosis

A

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
List the risk factors of furunculosis
Obesity, diabetes, atopic dermatitis, chronic kidney disease, corticosteroid use
26
What is a carbuncle
Infection extending to involve multiple furuncles
27
Where are carbuncles often located
Back of the neck, posterior trunk or thigh
28
State the treatment of carbuncles
Admission to hospital, surgery and intravenous antibiotics
29
State the predisposing conditions for necrotising fascitis
Diabetes, surgery, trauma, peripheral vascular disease, skin popping
30
What is a type 1 necrotising fasciitis infection
Mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection
31
State the typical organisms that can cause nectrotising fasciitis
Streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, gram negative bacteria, clostridium
32
What is type 2 necrotising fasciitis
Monomicrobial usually with strep pyogenes
33
State the clinical features of necrotising fasciitis
Rapid onset, sequential development of erythema, extensive oedema and severe pain. Haemorrhagic bullae, skin necrosis and crepitus may develop
34
State the systemic features of necrotising fasciitis
Fever, hypotension, tachycardia, delirium and multiorgan failure
35
What feature is highly suggestive of necrotising fasciitis
Anaesthesia at the site of infection
36
State the treatment of necrotising fasciitis
Flucloxacillin, gentamicin, clindamycin
37
State the mortality rates of necrotising fasciitis
17-40%
38
What is pyomyositis
Purulent infection deep within striated muscle, often manifesting as an abscess
39
State the common sites of pyomyositis
Thigh, calf, arms, gluteal region, chest wall and psoas muscle
40
State the presentation of pyomyositis
Fever, pain and woody induration of affected muscle
41
List the predisposing factors of pyomyositis
Diabetes, HIV, IV drug use, malignancy, liver cirrhosis
42
State the organism most likely to cause pyomyositis
Staph aureus
43
State how pyomyositis should be investigated
CT/MRI
44
How is pyomyositis treated
Drainage with antibiotic cover
45
What is septic bursitis
Infection of bursae within joints
46
State the predisposing factors for septic bursitis
Rheumatoid arthritis, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, IV drug abuse, immunosuppression, renal insufficiency
47
State the clinical features of septic bursitis
Cellulitis, swelling, warmth, fever, pain on movement
48
How is septic bursitis diagnosed
Aspiration of fluid
49
State the most common causative organism of septic bursitis
Staph aureus
50
What is infectious tenosynovitis
Infection of the synovial sheats that surround tendons
51
Which tendons are most commonly involved in infectious tenosynovitis
Flexor muscle associated tendons of the hand
52
What is commonly the inciting event in infectious tenosynovitis
Penetrating trauma
53
State the most common causative bacteria of tenosynovitis
Staph aureus and streptococci
54
What is the symptoms of infectious tenosynovitis
Erythematous fusiform swelling of finger, tenderness over the length of the tendon sheath and pain with extension of the finger classical
55
State the treatment of infectious tenosynovitis
Empiric antibiotics and hand surgeon review
56
How do toxic mediated infections cause such a response
Bypass normal immune system and attach directly to T cell receptors activating up to 20% of the total pool of T cells. This results in a massive burst of cytokines leading to endothelial leakage etc
57
What organisms tend to cause Toxin Mediated Syndrome
Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
58
State the toxins released by Staph aureus
TSST1, ETA and ETB
59
State the toxins released by strep pyogenes
TSST1
60
State the diagnostic criteria for staphylococcal TSS
Fever, hypotension, diffuse macular rash, involvement of three of liver, blood, renal GI, CNS, muscular, isolation of Staph Aureus from mucosal sites, production of TSST1 by isolate, development of antibody to toxin during convalescence
61
Where does streptococcal TSS usually come from
Deep seated infections such as erysipelas or necrotising fasciitis
62
State the treatment of TSS
Remove offending agent, IV fluids, inotropes, antibiotics, IV immunoglobulins
63
What is Panton-Valentine Leucocidin Toxin
Gamma Haemolysin
64
What can Panton-Valentine Leucocidin Toxin cause
SSTI and haemorrhagic pneumonia
65
Patients with Panton-Valentine Leucocidin Toxin present with
Recurrent boils which are difficult to treat
66
How is Panton-Valentine Leucocidin Toxin treated
Antibiotics that reduce toxin production
67
How do Intravenous Catheter associated infections usually presenht
SST inflammation, progressing to cellulitis and even tissue necrosis
68
State the risk factors of IV catheter associated infections
Continuous infusion>24 hours, Cannula in situ >72 hours, cannula in lower limb
69
State the most common organism causing IV catheter infections
Staph aureus
70
State the treatment if IV catheter associated infections
Remove cannula, express pus, antibiotics for 14 days and Echo
71
Class 1 surgical site infection
Clean wound
72
Class 2 surgical site infection
Clean-contaminated wound
73
Class 3 surgical site infection
Contaminated wound
74
Class 4 surgical site infection
Infected wound
75
List the possible causes of surgical site infections
Staph aureus, coagulase negative staph, enterococcus, E.coli, psuedomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter, streptococci, fungi, anaerobes
76
How are surgical site infections diagnosed
Cultures

Infection (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions