Antivirals Flashcards
Most antivirals are
Nucleoside analogues (they inhibit nucleic acid synthesis).
Viral treatment may be for
Prophylaxis, pre-emptive therapy, overt disease, suppressive therapy
State the antivirals used in overt disease
Aciclovir, oseltamivir
State the antivirals used in pre-emptive disease
Interferon/ribavirin for HCV
State the antivirals used in suppressing illness
Antiretrovirals
State the antivirals used in herpes viruses
Aciclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir
State the antivirals used in the treatment of HBV and HCV
Tenofovir
State the antiviral used in respiratory syncytial virus
Ribavirin
State the antiviral therapy used in influenza
Oseltamivir, zanamivir
When are antivirals used in the treatment of herpes simplex virus
In mucocutaneous infection, encephalitis or immunocompromised patients
When are antivirals used in the treatment of chickenpox
In those at increased risk of complications: neonate, immunocompromised, pregnancy or an immunocompetent adult but only if begin within 24 hours of onset of rash
State the antivirals used in the treatment Herpes simplex and VZV
Aciclovir, valacciclovir, famciclovir, foscarnet
Describe the mode of action of aciclovir
It is converted by viral thymidine kinase to ACVMP which is then converted by host cell kinases to ACV-TP. This competitively inhibits and inactivates HSV specific DNA polymerase. This prevents further viral DNA synthesis without effecting the normal cellular processes of the host cell.
State the drugs used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus
Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet
State the antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B
Pegylated interferon alpha subcut. Or nuceloside analogues (tenofovir, adefovir, entecavir, lamivudine)
