skin and soft tissue infections Flashcards
is s. aureus gram positive or gram negative
gram postive cocci
what is the virulence factor of s aureus
panton valentine leukocidin toxin
what is the virulence factor of s. pyogenes
superantigens and toxic shock syndrome
what skin and soft tissue infections does s aureus cause
Angular cheilitis
Necrotising pneumonia
Skin infections that look like boils and spider bites
Head and neck infections
- sepsis
- facial swelling
- cellulitis
- toothache
- submandibular swelling
what does PVL toxin do
it is an exotoxin that kills white cells by forming pores in the membrane and releasing inflammatory mediators
what infection does s pyogenes cause
cellulitis
what infection does strept. anginosus cause
dento alveolar infections
periapical periodontitis
pus
fistula
is s pyogenes a gram positive or negative bacteria
positive
is s anginosus gram positive or negative
gram positive
what is s anginosus virulence factor
intermedilysin cytotoxin
what is the name of the anerobe that causes gangrene and myonecrosis?
clostridium welchiii can cause gas gangrene and clostridial myonecrosis
virulence factor of c. welchii?
alpha toxin (lecithinase)
function of lecithinase
enzyme that breaks down lecithin which is a fatty acid in cell membranes
nagler reaction
a test of alpha toxin
herpes simplex virus virulence factor
cell lysis
what infection does herpes simplex virus cause
herpes labialis ie cold sores
virulence factor of candida albicans
phospholipase
breaks down phospholipids so hyphae can penetrate the epithelium
what colour does gram positive stain and why
Gram positive stain violet due to presence of thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Gram negative stain red
is LPS an exo or endotoxin
endotoxin
produced by gram negative
which bacteria is commonly found in the oral environment
s. mutans
Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.
infections of the epidermis
angular cheilitis
impetigo
chicken pox
infections of the dermis
erysipelas
folliculitis
boils
carbuncles
infections of subcutaneous fat
cellulitis
which layer does odontogenic infections spread
subcutaenously
where does necrotizing fasciitis spread
fascia, around muscle planes
where does myonecrosis spread
muscles
what bacteria causes angular cheilitis
s. aureus
what bacteria casues impetigo
s pyogenes
what bacteria causes chicken pox
herpes zoster virus
what bacteria causes erysipelas
s pyogenes
what bacteria causes folliculitis, boils and carbuncles
s. aureus
what bacteria causes cellulitis
S. pyogenes
Mixed with infection from S. aureus
which bacteria casues severe odontogenic infections
s. anginosus, mixed with anerobes + oral microflora
what bacteria causes necrotising fasciitis
S. aureus
S. pyogenes
Mixed infections
Anaerobes eg. C.welchii
what bacteria causes myonecrosis and gangrene
c. welchii
bacteria in human and animal bites
Human bite – mixed anaerobes and Periodontal anaerobes
Animals – Pasteurella multicoda from dog or cat
treament principles
diagnosis
record
surgical debridement
specimen collection
antibiotics
review
antibiotic for mssa vs mrsa
o MSSA = flucloxacillin
o MRSA = vancomycin
antibiotic for s pyogenes
penicillin
antibiotic for s anginosus
penicillin
antibiotic for local bacterial infection?
none, antibiotics does not cure acute pulpitis
antibiotic for systemic spread of dental abscess
penicillin V
no longer use amoxicillin
treatment for severe odontogenic infections
hospitalization
IV antibiotics
- benzyl penicillin
- metronidazole
antibiotics For skin and soft tissue infections like cellulitis and erysipelas?
flucloxacillin 1g/6h over 5 days
