skin and soft tissue infections

Question 1

is s. aureus gram positive or gram negative

Answer 1

gram postive cocci

Question 2

what is the virulence factor of s aureus

Answer 2

panton valentine leukocidin toxin

Question 3

what is the virulence factor of s. pyogenes

Answer 3

superantigens and toxic shock syndrome

Question 4

what skin and soft tissue infections does s aureus cause

Answer 4

Angular cheilitis

Necrotising pneumonia

Skin infections that look like boils and spider bites

Head and neck infections
- sepsis
- facial swelling
- cellulitis
- toothache
- submandibular swelling

Question 5

what does PVL toxin do

Answer 5

it is an exotoxin that kills white cells by forming pores in the membrane and releasing inflammatory mediators

Question 6

what infection does s pyogenes cause

Answer 6

cellulitis

Question 7

what infection does strept. anginosus cause

Answer 7

dento alveolar infections
periapical periodontitis
pus
fistula

Question 8

is s pyogenes a gram positive or negative bacteria

Answer 8

positive

Question 9

is s anginosus gram positive or negative

Answer 9

gram positive

Question 10

what is s anginosus virulence factor

Answer 10

intermedilysin cytotoxin

Question 11

what is the name of the anerobe that causes gangrene and myonecrosis?

Answer 11

clostridium welchiii can cause gas gangrene and clostridial myonecrosis

Question 12

virulence factor of c. welchii?

Answer 12

alpha toxin (lecithinase)

Question 13

function of lecithinase

Answer 13

enzyme that breaks down lecithin which is a fatty acid in cell membranes

Question 14

nagler reaction

Answer 14

a test of alpha toxin

Question 15

herpes simplex virus virulence factor

Answer 15

cell lysis

Question 16

what infection does herpes simplex virus cause

Answer 16

herpes labialis ie cold sores

Question 17

virulence factor of candida albicans

Answer 17

phospholipase

breaks down phospholipids so hyphae can penetrate the epithelium

Question 18

what colour does gram positive stain and why

Answer 18

Gram positive stain violet due to presence of thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Gram negative stain red

Question 19

is LPS an exo or endotoxin

Answer 19

endotoxin

produced by gram negative

Question 20

which bacteria is commonly found in the oral environment

Answer 20

s. mutans

Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.

Question 21

infections of the epidermis

Answer 21

angular cheilitis
impetigo
chicken pox

Question 22

infections of the dermis

Answer 22

erysipelas
folliculitis
boils
carbuncles

Question 23

infections of subcutaneous fat

Answer 23

cellulitis

Question 24

which layer does odontogenic infections spread

Answer 24

subcutaenously

Question 25

where does necrotizing fasciitis spread

Answer 25

fascia, around muscle planes

Question 26

where does myonecrosis spread

Answer 26

muscles

Question 27

what bacteria causes angular cheilitis

Answer 27

s. aureus

Question 28

what bacteria casues impetigo

Answer 28

s pyogenes

Question 29

what bacteria causes chicken pox

Answer 29

herpes zoster virus

Question 30

what bacteria causes erysipelas

Answer 30

s pyogenes

Question 31

what bacteria causes folliculitis, boils and carbuncles

Answer 31

s. aureus

Question 32

what bacteria causes cellulitis

Answer 32

S. pyogenes Mixed with infection from S. aureus

Question 33

which bacteria casues severe odontogenic infections

Answer 33

s. anginosus, mixed with anerobes + oral microflora

Question 34

what bacteria causes necrotising fasciitis

Answer 34

S. aureus S. pyogenes Mixed infections Anaerobes eg. C.welchii

Question 35

what bacteria causes myonecrosis and gangrene

Answer 35

c. welchii

Question 36

bacteria in human and animal bites

Answer 36

Human bite – mixed anaerobes and Periodontal anaerobes Animals – Pasteurella multicoda from dog or cat

Question 37

treament principles

Answer 37

diagnosis record surgical debridement specimen collection antibiotics review

Question 38

antibiotic for mssa vs mrsa

Answer 38

o MSSA = flucloxacillin o MRSA = vancomycin

Question 39

antibiotic for s pyogenes

Answer 39

penicillin

Question 40

antibiotic for s anginosus

Answer 40

penicillin

Question 41

antibiotic for local bacterial infection?

Answer 41

none, antibiotics does not cure acute pulpitis

Question 42

antibiotic for systemic spread of dental abscess

Answer 42

penicillin V no longer use amoxicillin

Question 43

treatment for severe odontogenic infections

Answer 43

hospitalization IV antibiotics - benzyl penicillin - metronidazole

Question 44

antibiotics For skin and soft tissue infections like cellulitis and erysipelas?

Answer 44

flucloxacillin 1g/6h over 5 days