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BDS2 BAMS > skin and soft tissue infections > Flashcards

skin and soft tissue infections Flashcards

1
Q

is s. aureus gram positive or gram negative

A

gram postive cocci

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2
Q

what is the virulence factor of s aureus

A

panton valentine leukocidin toxin

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3
Q

what is the virulence factor of s. pyogenes

A

superantigens and toxic shock syndrome

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4
Q

what skin and soft tissue infections does s aureus cause

A

Angular cheilitis

Necrotising pneumonia

Skin infections that look like boils and spider bites

Head and neck infections
- sepsis
- facial swelling
- cellulitis
- toothache
- submandibular swelling

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5
Q

what does PVL toxin do

A

it is an exotoxin that kills white cells by forming pores in the membrane and releasing inflammatory mediators

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6
Q

what infection does s pyogenes cause

A

cellulitis

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7
Q

what infection does strept. anginosus cause

A

dento alveolar infections
periapical periodontitis
pus
fistula

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8
Q

is s pyogenes a gram positive or negative bacteria

A

positive

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9
Q

is s anginosus gram positive or negative

A

gram positive

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10
Q

what is s anginosus virulence factor

A

intermedilysin cytotoxin

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11
Q

what is the name of the anerobe that causes gangrene and myonecrosis?

A

clostridium welchiii can cause gas gangrene and clostridial myonecrosis

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12
Q

virulence factor of c. welchii?

A

alpha toxin (lecithinase)

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13
Q

function of lecithinase

A

enzyme that breaks down lecithin which is a fatty acid in cell membranes

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14
Q

nagler reaction

A

a test of alpha toxin

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15
Q

herpes simplex virus virulence factor

A

cell lysis

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16
Q

what infection does herpes simplex virus cause

A

herpes labialis ie cold sores

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17
Q

virulence factor of candida albicans

A

phospholipase

breaks down phospholipids so hyphae can penetrate the epithelium

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18
Q

what colour does gram positive stain and why

A

Gram positive stain violet due to presence of thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Gram negative stain red

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19
Q

is LPS an exo or endotoxin

A

endotoxin

produced by gram negative

20
Q

which bacteria is commonly found in the oral environment

A

s. mutans

Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.

21
Q

infections of the epidermis

A

angular cheilitis
impetigo
chicken pox

22
Q

infections of the dermis

A

erysipelas
folliculitis
boils
carbuncles

23
Q

infections of subcutaneous fat

A

cellulitis

24
Q

which layer does odontogenic infections spread

A

subcutaenously

25
Q

where does necrotizing fasciitis spread

A

fascia, around muscle planes

26
Q

where does myonecrosis spread

A

muscles

27
Q

what bacteria causes angular cheilitis

A

s. aureus

28
Q

what bacteria casues impetigo

A

s pyogenes

29
Q

what bacteria causes chicken pox

A

herpes zoster virus

30
Q

what bacteria causes erysipelas

A

s pyogenes

31
Q

what bacteria causes folliculitis, boils and carbuncles

A

s. aureus

32
Q

what bacteria causes cellulitis

A

S. pyogenes
Mixed with infection from S. aureus

33
Q

which bacteria casues severe odontogenic infections

A

s. anginosus, mixed with anerobes + oral microflora

34
Q

what bacteria causes necrotising fasciitis

A

S. aureus
S. pyogenes
Mixed infections
Anaerobes eg. C.welchii

35
Q

what bacteria causes myonecrosis and gangrene

A

c. welchii

36
Q

bacteria in human and animal bites

A

Human bite – mixed anaerobes and Periodontal anaerobes

Animals – Pasteurella multicoda from dog or cat

37
Q

treament principles

A

diagnosis
record
surgical debridement
specimen collection
antibiotics
review

38
Q

antibiotic for mssa vs mrsa

A

o MSSA = flucloxacillin
o MRSA = vancomycin

39
Q

antibiotic for s pyogenes

A

penicillin

40
Q

antibiotic for s anginosus

A

penicillin

41
Q

antibiotic for local bacterial infection?

A

none, antibiotics does not cure acute pulpitis

42
Q

antibiotic for systemic spread of dental abscess

A

penicillin V
no longer use amoxicillin

43
Q

treatment for severe odontogenic infections

A

hospitalization

IV antibiotics
- benzyl penicillin
- metronidazole

44
Q

antibiotics For skin and soft tissue infections like cellulitis and erysipelas?

A

flucloxacillin 1g/6h over 5 days

45
Q
A

BDS2 BAMS (27 decks)

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