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BDS2 BAMS > hep b and c > Flashcards

hep b and c Flashcards

1
Q

is there a vaccine for hepatitus

A

Vaccine only available for hepatitis A and B
No HIV and hep C vaccine available

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2
Q

which is a dna virus

A

hep b

hep c is rna

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3
Q

which hep has PEP

A

no PEP = hep c
PEP = hep B

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4
Q

most infective hep

A

most infective = hep b

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5
Q

which hep is chronic

A

c

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6
Q

majority will recover from which hep

A

b

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7
Q

dane particle

A

infectious component of hep B

1 of 3 particles that make up hep b

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8
Q

how long is the incubation period of hep b

A

2-3 months

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9
Q

are there usually symptoms for hep b

A

no, but sometimes could have jaundice

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10
Q

normal course of hep b infection

A
  • infection
  • incubation period of 2-3 months
  • no symptoms usually
  • recovery with clearance of antigens and creation of hep b core and surface antibodies within 6 months
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11
Q

Chronic carriage of hepb

A
  • infected
  • incubation period of 2-3 months
  • Hep b surface antigens persists
  • no surface antibodies
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12
Q

if you recover from hep b or get vaccinated, what antigens/ antibodies do you have

A

you will get SURFACE antibodies if you recover or get vaccinated and you will not have any surface antigens left,

in chronic hep b, there is surface antigens that do not clear

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13
Q

what is given for Vaccination for hep b

A

3 doses of surface antigen

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14
Q

for PEP of hep b, what is given

A
  • for unvaccinated : HBIG + hep b vaccine 3 doses
  • for vaccinated : HBIG + booster
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15
Q

HBIG

A

hep b immunoglobulin

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16
Q

how to treat hep b?

A
  • antivirals
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17
Q

what % of hep c is chronic

A

75% -> some may go on to cirrhosis and liver failure

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18
Q

Acute course of hep c

A
  • infection
  • long incubation period of 6-12 weeks
  • little to no symptoms
  • production of antibodies after months
  • RNA removed
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19
Q

in acute or chronic hep c is antibodies produced

A

both

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20
Q

in acute or chronic is hcv rna removed

A

in acute, there is no rna

in chronic, there is rna

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21
Q

how to test for active infection of hep c

A

rna positive

22
Q

Treatment for hep c

A
  • No PEP
  • DAAs direct acting antiviral agents
23
Q

what will make a patient with hep c more likely to develop chronic hep c

A

HIV and alcohol

24
Q

what is the definition of occupational exposure

A
  • percutaneous eg sharps contaminated with blood
  • splashing of bodily fluids onto broken skin
  • mucocutaneous exposure eg contamination of eyes nose mouth
  • human bite that breaks the skin
25
Q

whic bbv has highest risk?

A
  • HBV 30% risk for unvaccinated
  • HCV 3%
  • HIV 0.3%

hbv most infective

26
Q

which BBV most common?

A
  • HCV 1%
  • HBV 0.12% of uk population
  • HIV 0.8%
27
Q

HOW TO MANAGE occupational exposures?

A

AWARE

apply pressure and allow bleed
wash dont scrub
assess type of injury
risk of source blood
establish contact

28
Q

when assessing the injury, what two things do you loook out for?

A
  1. high risk material? is there blood
  2. is it a significant injury
    - percutaneous sharps
    - mucocutaneous
    - broken skin
    - human bite
29
Q

what injury is considered NOT significant?

A

superficial graze and intact skin

30
Q

what is U=U?

A

undetecable viral load = untransmissible HIV

31
Q

What does establis contact mean in AWARE?

A

REPORT promptly to a senior member of staff

call occupational health provider

record injury in accident book and official reporting

follow up with prophylaxis counselling and prevention

32
Q

post exposure prophylaxis for hbv vs hiv

A

HBV
- immunoglobulin HBIG + vaccine or booster within 24 hours of first dose of vaccine but not after 7 days from exposure

HIV
- antiretroviral therapy + PEP within 24 hours

33
Q

when to follow up for prophylaxis?

A

12 weeks from PEP
Negative test at 12 weeks provides very high level of confidence of freedom from infection

34
Q

Prevention for BBV

A
  • vaccination for hbv
  • awareness
  • eliminating unnecessary needles
  • no recapping
  • PEP
  • PPE
  • sharps containers
  • recording and reporting
  • work practices
  • hand hygiene
  • risk assessment
  • national infection prevention and control manual
  • staff training on how to handle contaminated sharps MOST IMPORTANT IN PREVENTION
  • safer sharps devices
35
Q

in the 2013 health and safety regulations, what do they say for sharps

A
  • safe use and disposal
  • training for employees
  • respond effectively if injury
  • review procedures
  • notify asap
36
Q

HEP B workers may return to work and perform exposure prone procedures if they ?

A

viral load less than 200um/L and

monitoring every 12 months,

on antiviral therapy

37
Q

HEP C workers may return to work and perform exposure prone procedures if they ?

A

RNA negative (ie non active infection) 6 months after end of antiviral therapy

38
Q

hiv workers may return to work and perform exposure prone procedures if they ?

A

viral load less than 200copies/ml

antiretroviral therapy,

subject to plasma viral load monitoring every 3 months and be supervised

39
Q
A
40
Q

How long can hep b survive in dry blood

A

1 week or more

41
Q

Modes of transmission

A

Parenteral
Sexual
Perinatal

42
Q

What percentage of hepatitis b patients recover

A

90-95%

43
Q

HBIG provides what % of protection

A

70-75%

44
Q

What are the most common treatment drugs for hepatitis b

A

There are 7 antivirals on the market

Main one is nucleoside and nucleotide

45
Q

Why is there no vaccine available for hep c?

A

Variability of the genome

46
Q

How long can hep c survive on inanimate surfaces?

A

Up to a week

47
Q

Incubation period vs clinical latency

A

Incubation period = time between inoculation and symptom expression

Latency = time between inoculation and infectiousness

But for HIV when they refer to years of clinical latency, they r referring to the time period between getting HIV and showing symptoms

48
Q

When is hepatitis c classified as chronic

A

After 6 months, if RNA is present still then it is classified as chronic

49
Q

Tests for hepatitis c

A

Hep c antibodies

Hep c rna

Viral load

Viral genotyping

50
Q

What do direct acting antiviral agents target

A

They target HCV encoded proteins essential for viral replication

51
Q

How long does HIV survive outside the body or on surfaces

A

Easily killed by heat, does not surface long on surfaces or outside the body

BDS2 BAMS (27 decks)

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