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BDS2 BAMS > Oral Ecology > Flashcards

Oral Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

How does a pathogen infection a host

A

Enter
Attach
Colonize
Evade host immunity
Produce harmful proteins
Disseminate
Release form host

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2
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability to cause disease

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3
Q

Virulence

A

Ability to cause severe disease

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4
Q

Pathogen

A

Pathogen is an organism capable of causing disease

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5
Q

Koch postulate

A
  1. Pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
  2. Isolate pathogen form host and reproduce in culture
  3. Reintroduce grown pathogen in a susceptible host
  4. Microbe must be recovered from an experimentally infected host
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6
Q

Do oral microorganisms exist in isolation

A

No

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7
Q

Ratio of microorganisms to body cells

A

10:1

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8
Q

Estimate of the number of bacteria, fungi and viruses in our body

A

Fungal 10^12- 10^13
Bacteria 10^13-10^14
Virus 10^14-10^15

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9
Q

Microbiome

A

All microorganisms in a particular ecosystem

Usually describes the community of microorganisms in a particular place

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10
Q

How many different species of microbes are there on our body

A

10k

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11
Q

How do we acquire our resident flora?

A

From delivery (c section vs natural birth)

From feeding (formula vs breast milk)

What we eat influences the gut microbiome

From socialising

Geographical location

Family members

Host interactions

Maternal diet

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12
Q

Do families have more similar microbiome

A

Yes

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13
Q

Benefits of normal flora

A
  1. Synthesis of vitamins K and B12
  2. Prevent colonisation by pathogens, competes with pathogens
  3. Stimulate the production of antibodies, builds tolerance
  4. Anti inflammatory
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14
Q

How does the body create tolerance

A

Exposure to microbes and the normal flora

Body stimulates low levels of antibodies against normal flora , preventing infection of invasion

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15
Q

Does the microbial biomass increase or decrease from the stomach to the colon

A

Increase from 10^2 to 10^11 in the colon

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16
Q

What affects the microbial biomass

A

Low pH
Saliva
Immune system
Finding a place to attach on the intestinal wall
Surviving a widely varied diet

17
Q

What does a faecal transplant do

A

You place a donor’s faeces in the colon of the patient and over the next few weeks the patient;s gut microbiome will change

18
Q

What factors influence the microbiome

A

Drugs
Lifestyle
Geography
Diet
Infections

19
Q

Effects of drugs and antibiotics on the microbiome

A

Antibiotics kills infectious bacteria but also disrupts the natural flora

digestive problems
Increased susceptibility to infections
Accumulation of antibiotic resistance

Chemotherapy drugs can modify gut flora; and the gut flora can also alter drugs. This can cause unwanted side effects like digestive problems, nausea etc

20
Q

Factors in the oral cavity affecting bacterial growth

A

Saliva
PH
Temperature
Immune system

21
Q

What is bio geography

A

Different locations in the mouth have different microbiome

Eg. Subgingival plaque vs dorsum of tongue

22
Q

Factors that drives dysbiosis of the oral microbiome

A

Genetic

Salivary flow rate

Oral hygiene

Diet

Smoking

Antimicrobial agents

23
Q

What happens when you eat a high carb diet

A

Organic acids produced (H+) which causes demineralisation

24
Q

Incipient dysbiosis

A

In gingivitis

There is dysbiosis but still proportionate host response

25
Q

Frank dysbiosis

A

Pathogenic biofilm

There is disproportionate host response

26
Q

How can you determine oral disease risk using technology?

A

Collecting microbiome data using 16s rRNA gene

Depending on what type of microorganisms you have in your mouth, there is different oral disease risk

27
Q

What systemic diseases are linked to the oral environment

A

Obesity
Diabetes
Liver diseases
Pancreatic cancer
Colon cancer

28
Q

Why should we know about oral microbiome as a diagnostic tool?

A

You can predict the oral disease risk and use it as a preventative tool.

16s rRNA

BDS2 BAMS (27 decks)

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