hiv Flashcards
Transmitted through
- BODY FLUIDS
o semen
o blood
o vaginal secretions
o breast milk - Pregnancy
- Non sterile instruments
- Needle sharing
Not transmitted through
- Touching
- Food
- Kiss
- Insect bites
- In the pool
- Saliva (neutralizing effects)
detection of hiv
- CD4 T cells
- HIV rna
- p24 antigen
- HIV antibody
what is window period
infectious but still test negative
hiv window period (incubation)
2-4 weeks
treatment for hiv
Antiretroviral treatment ART
HAART = highly active
Examples of ART
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- protease inhibitors
- fusion inhibitors
is there vaccine for hiv
no
PrEP
pre exposure prophylaxis
what does antiretroviral therapy do
- Suppresses the virus
- Prevents disease form progressing
- normal life expectancy
key for prevention of transmission to others
what is the main cell that hiv attacks
CD4 cells
life cycle of hiv
releases genetic material into the cd4 cell
reverse transcriptase copies rna into dna
viral dna inserted into host cell dna
copies are made with the viral dna
new viral proteins and particles assemble
cd4 cells are killed
primary infection, clinical latency
Primary infection
o very infectious
o little to no symptoms
o declining cd4 count
Clinical latency
o asymptomatic infection for a long time, years
o antibody HIV detectable
o viral replication is continuing at a high rate, killing lymphocytes
o Immune system working to produce antibodies that are suppressing the virus
change to AIDs
- Viral load increases too much beyond , increase in immunodeficiency, too many CD4 cells destroyed resulting in AIDS
seroconversion
period during which HIV antibodies first become detectable.
People usually develop detectable antibodies within 2-8 weeks of contracting HIV.
are hiv people infective before seroconversion?
yes
AIDs definition
One of 25 conditions indicative of severe immunosupression
OR
cd4+ cell count of <200 cells per cubic mm of blood
people with hiv tend to have what oral conditions
poor OH
oral candidosis
hairy leukoplakia
kaposi’s sarcoma
Non hodgkin’s lymphoma
periodontal disease
these lesions are associated with low CD4 count
what do you need to know as a dentist for HIV patients
- Possess knowledge of HIV infection
- oral lesions associated with HIV for HIV testing
- Oral health care of highest standards , focus on routine and preventative care
- Infection control , prevents transmission
- Report all sharps and test for HIV immediately
clinical latency of hiv
8-10 years
is hiv single stranded
single stranded rna
what test for hiv
ELISA -> confirmed further with blood test
Rapid tests
what can hiv lead to
aids
What is the UNAIDS target for ending HIV
95% aware, 95% on hiv treatment , 95% virally suppressed
Scotland’s HIV target progression
93% aware, 84% on treatment, 97% virally suppressed
HIV half life
5.7 hours
What is the critical level of cd4 T cells to go from hiv to AIDS
Less than 200 T cells / cubic mm
