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Medical Microbiology Test 2 > Skin and gastro cases > Flashcards

Skin and gastro cases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Common symptoms of rotavirus

A 
abrupt vomiting
watery diarrhea
abdominal pain 
fever
tachycardia
gastroenteritis
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2
Q

Prevalence of rotavirus

A

tends to be in children 2-3 years old, outbreaks common in daycare and hospitals, adults usually have few symptoms

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3
Q

Transmission of rotavirus

A

spread through fecal oral contact, fomite transmission can occur

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4
Q

Rotavirus pathology

A

double stranded negative sense RNA

nonenveloped

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5
Q

Diagnoses of rotavirus

A

Detection of viral antigens in stool samples

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6
Q

Prognosis of rotavirus

A

self-limiting, symptoms last for one week while viral excretions may be longer

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7
Q

Treatment for rotavirus

A

supportive care to replace fluids and electrolytes

new vaccine only prevents some serotypes

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8
Q

HPV humanpapillomavirus symptoms

A

warts flat or raised
itchiness or dryness
can be asymptomatic

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9
Q

Who is more at risk for severe HPV infections?

A

immunosuppressed and smoking increase risk for carcinomas. Types 16 and 18 are cancerous.

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10
Q

HPV Transmission

A

person to person by direct contact
sexual intercourse
delivery through birth canal
fomites

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11
Q

HPV Characteristics

A

Nonenveloped
circular double stranded DNA
infects squamous epithelium and skin of mucous membrane

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12
Q

HPV Diagnoses

A

Pap smear

clinical presentation of warts

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13
Q

HPV treatment

A

physical removal of lesions by freezing, burning, etc.

Gardasil vaccine

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14
Q

Parvovirus 19 symptoms (fifth disease)

A

Children: slapped cheek rash that starts on cheeks and spreads to extremities (no vesicles); fever; mild sore throat, fatigue; negative streptococcal antigen test
Adults: Polyarthritis in hands, knees, and ankles

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15
Q

Parvovirus Prevalance

A

children
late winter to early spring
teachers at high risk

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16
Q

Parvovirus severe symptoms

A

Profound anemia can occur in those with sickle cell anemia

seronegative mothers can lose fetus

17
Q

Parvovirus transmission

A

Person to person by respiratory and oral secretions

spread through blood and plasma donors

18
Q

Parvovirus characteristics

A

linear s.s. DNA

nonenveloped

19
Q

Parvovirus pathology

A

replicates in nasopharynx then spreads to bone marrow; causes lytic infection in active erythroid precursor cells

20
Q

Parvovirus diagnoses

A

Clinical presentation

Detection of viral dna via PCR

21
Q

Parvovirus prognosis

A

Initial stage lasts ~1 week and causes flu like symptoms

second stage is immune mediated and a rash forms

22
Q

Parvovirus treatment

A

supportive care: ibuprofen for fever

intravenous immunoglobulin for patients suffering from pure red cell aplasia

23
Q

Parvovirus prevention

A

isolation of infected

wash hands

24
Q

Hepatitis that lacks lipid envelope

A

hep A

25
Q

hepatitis that has lipid envelope

A

Hep B and Hep C

26
Q

HCV symptoms

A 
loss of appetite
jaundice
fatigue
mild fever
joint pains
nausea, vomitting
dark urine
27
Q

Family of Hepatitis C

A

flaviviridae

28
Q

Hep C characteristics

A

enveloped

RNA + virus ss

29
Q

HCV transmission

A

travels through blood until it reaches hepatocytes

obtain through transfusions, injection drug use, IV drug use

30
Q

HCV pathology

A

Virus enters hepatocytes, uncoats, and releases genome
used for translation of RNA into single polyprotein
Hepatocytes are damaged predominantly by hosts immune response

31
Q

HCV Diagnoses

A

Presence of IgG hepatitis antibodies (detects only chronic HCV)
If positve, go to step 2
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests quantify the amount of circulating HCV RNA
If positive do genotype testing

32
Q

What levels will be altered in HCV?

A

High PT-INR clotting factors
low albumen levels
low platelet count
high alphafetoproteins which indicate regeneration of liver cells

33
Q

HCV treatment

A

Antivirals like pegylated interferon alpha, ribavirin, boceprevir, and telaprevir
Liver transplant at end stage
No vaccine for HCV

34
Q

Hep A family

A

Picornaviridae

Medical Microbiology Test 2 (8 decks)

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