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Medical Microbiology Test 2 > Eradicated Diseases > Flashcards

Eradicated Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

World wide vaccination of smallpox

A

1967

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2
Q

Types of small pox (variola)

A

Minor
Major
Hemmorrhagic (100%)
Malignant

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3
Q

Smallpox genome

A

Double stranded linear DNA
Enveloped
has DNA dependent RNA polymerase

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4
Q

Smallpox genome shape

A

Dumbbell shaped

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5
Q

Transmission of small pox

A

Air droplets
Contact with rash or scab
contact with fomites

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6
Q

How does smallpox enter host cells?

A 
Uses Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to attach to respiratory cells
Envelope fuses with cell membrane
Core of virus released into cytoplasm where DNA replication and transcription take place
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7
Q

Smallpox family

A

Poxviridae

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8
Q

Vaccinia

A

form of cowpox virus that has been used as live viral vaccine against smallpox

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9
Q

Smallpox site of replication

A

host cytoplasm so must have own enzymes for DNA and mRNA synthesis

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10
Q

Guarnieri inclusion bodies

A

What smallpox virions are assembled into

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11
Q

Discoverer of smallpox

A

Edward Jenner

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12
Q

Smallpox symptoms

A

Begins with fever, malaise, chills

Synchronized maculupapular rash

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13
Q

Smallpox incubation

A

2 weeks then symptoms start rapidly

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14
Q

Smallpox diagnoses

A

Clinical presentation

PCR

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15
Q

Smallpox treatment

A

Vaccine–done in 1980
Methisazone
Cidofovir

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16
Q

Methisazone or Cidofovir

A

may work as prophylaxis against smallpox infection

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17
Q

Poliovirus symptoms

A

Flaccid paralysis

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18
Q

Poliovirus transmission

A

Fecal to oral

poor sanitation and crowded cities

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19
Q

Polio family

A

Picornaviridae

20
Q

Polio genome

A

nonenveloped

ss + RNA

21
Q

Does polio damage cells or is it immune mediated?

A

Polio is cytolytic so it causes direct damage to infected cells

22
Q

4 types of polio infection results

A

Asymptomatic
Abortive
Nonparalytic
Paralytic

23
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Virus only replicates in GI Tract
90% of case
competent immune system keeps at bay with antibody production

24
Q

Abortive polio

A

5% of individuals

get first part of infection: malaise, vomiting, fever, sore throat, headache

25
Q

Nonparalytic polio

A

2%
viremia to brain and meninges
stiff neck, vomiting, aseptic meningitis

26
Q

Polio diagnoses

A

Clinical presentation
Throat and rectal swabs: takes 1 week to culture and see effects
RT-PCR on tissues and body fluid

27
Q

Polio prevention

A

Inactivated vaccine: can shed and cause polio in others

Oral vaccine: live attenuated, induces humoral immunity, polio can still replicate in GI tract

28
Q

HIV symptoms

A 
Weight loss
Diarrhead
Sore throat
Swollen lymph nodes
Illnesses that a healthy immune system could prevent
29
Q

HIV types

A

HIV-1: more infective, major cause

HIV-2: poor capacity for transmission

30
Q

HIV Transmission

A 
Unpredected sex
sharing of needles
mother to child
blood transfusion
organ transplant
31
Q

HIV genome

A

enveloped

two copies of + single strand RNA

32
Q

What cells does HIV infect?

A

First infects macrophages but travels to the lymph nodes where CD4 T cells are infected

33
Q

HIV diagnoses

A

Serological diagnoses by ELISA testing

When positive, confirmed by Western blot

34
Q

Why is an HIV vaccine difficult?

A

The lipid envelope has glycoproteins that undergo antigenic variation

35
Q

HAART

A

highly active antiretroviral therapy

uses a combination of antiviral drugs

36
Q

HIV treatment

A

HAART uses reverse transcriptase inhibitors and viral protease enzyme inhibitors

37
Q

What test is best predicative of HIV prognosis in the long run? Short run?

A

long run: viral load (amount of HIV in blood)

short run: CD4 lymphocytes count

38
Q

Most common severe ocular complication of AIDS

A

CMV retinitis caused by the herpes virus CMV

39
Q

Ebola family

A

filoviridae

40
Q

5 ebola strains

A 
Zaire
Sudan
Tai Forest
Bundibugyo
Reston
41
Q

Ebola diagnoses

A

Postive for virus antigen via RT-PCR or by IgM antibodies

42
Q

Ebola transmission

A

blood
aerosols
semen

43
Q

Ebola symptoms

A 
fever
sore throat
severe headache
muscle pain
vomiting
diarrhea
impared liver and kidney function
44
Q

How does ebola disrupt innate immune response

A

Disables IFN 1 and 2 so antiviral state can’t be induced and NK cells can’t be activated

45
Q

What does ebola do to dendritic cells

A

prevents them from maturing and making cytokines. They can’t activate T-cells for the adaptive immune response to take place

46
Q

Ebola treatment

A

supplemental IFN

introducing GP1,2

Medical Microbiology Test 2 (8 decks)

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