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Medical Microbiology Test 2 > Respiratory cases > Flashcards

Respiratory cases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

RSV characteristics

A

enveloped

single stranded negative RNA

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2
Q

RSV prevalence

A

affects all ages
more severe symptoms in infants and young children and immunocpromised
occurs late october to early Jan

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3
Q

RSV symptoms

A 
Runny nose
dry cough
fever less than 102
sore throat
mild headache
nasal flaring
low oxygen saturation 
tachycardia
hyperaeration: no infiltrates
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4
Q

RSV Severe symptoms

A 
fever 102-104
cough dry bark like
tachypnea
cyanosis
retractions (rib and neck area sinks in)
wheezing
rales
bronchiolitis (inflammation and plugging)
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5
Q

RSV transmission

A

Respiratory droplets

can stay on fomites 3-30 hours

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6
Q

RSV Diagnosis

A

Elisa on nasal secretions (low specificity)
definitively through viral genome or antigen detection
nasal washings have virus for PCR

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7
Q

RSV Prognosis

A

mortality is high in infants with reduced immune function

usually runs course in 10-14 days

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8
Q

RSV treatment

A

Ribavirin is an antiviral approved for use via aerosolization in high risk infants
supportive care: oxygenationm; IV; nebulized cold stream

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9
Q

Mumps symptoms

A 
SWELLING OF THE PAROTID
low fever
malaise
onset of ear pain
opening of mouth painful
reddened skin
NEVER VACCINATED
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10
Q

Family of mumps

A

paramyxoviridae

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11
Q

Mumps characteristics

A

enveloped

single stranded negative RNA

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12
Q

Mumps transmission

A

respiratory droplets, saliva, or fomites

incubation 16-18 days before symptoms strat

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13
Q

Mumps epidemiology

A

establishes in the respiratory tract then goes through the stensen duct to the parotid glands and from there it can become viremic

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14
Q

Mumps complications

A

ovary or testes inflammation
meningitis
pancreatitis
deafness

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15
Q

Mumps diagnoses

A

normally by clinical presentation and lack of MMR
can detect viral antigen
furfold rise in mumps specific IgM or IgG antibody in patients serum
synctia and cell rounding may be observed in culture
viral antigen detection via immunofluorescence

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16
Q

Mump treatment

A

usually self limiting
resolves in 2-3 weeeks
rest, fluids, pain killers

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17
Q

Adenovirus symptoms

A 
CONJUNCTIVITIS
head cold with runny nose
exudative pharyngitis (white spots on tonsils)
cervial adenitis
gastroenteritis
high fever
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18
Q

Adenovirus characteristics

A

nonenveloped

linear double stranded DNA

19
Q

Adenovirus transmission

A 
person to person via respiratory droplets, 
close contact,
 fecal oral route, 
fomite transmission, 
waterborne transmission
20
Q

Adenovirus diagnosis

A

typically made on clinical presentation

cell culture, elisa, pcr, dna probe can detect viral type in clinical samples and tissue culture

21
Q

Adenovirus treatment

A

no treatment
just treat symptoms
military has oral vaccines for types 4 and 7

22
Q

How does adenovirus infect cells?

A

Viral attachment proteins on the end of fibers bind to a receptor (coxsackie adenovirus receptor). the virus is internalized where the fibers are released that disrupt the endosome by poking holes in it. The virus escapes and goes to the nucleus to affect gene expression.

23
Q

What yielded a positive results for influenza?

A

DFA test of nasopharyngeal wash with monoclonal antibody directed agasint seasonal flu virus

24
Q

Flu symptoms

A 
Fever
Sudden onset
Chills
Muscle aches
cough
25
Q

Influenza properties

A 
Single stranded (-) RNA
enveloped
26
Q

Hemagglutinin

A

H antigen

Influenza uses it to attach

27
Q

Neuraminidase

A

N antiegne

serves to sever the virus as it buds from the plasma membrane or from mucus

28
Q

Human influence type As

A

H1N1

H3N2

29
Q

How many Ns

A

9

30
Q

How many Hs

A

15

31
Q

Influenza incubation

A

48-72 hours

32
Q

How does influenza gain access to the cell?

A

Penetrates respiratory epithelial cells in the trachea and bronchi
Binds to sialic acid receptors
Neuraminidase degrades protective mucus
viral envelope fuses to the cells plasma membrane

33
Q

What causes the symptoms of influenza?

A

cytokines liberated from damaged inflitrating leukocytes

34
Q

Influenza treatment for type A

A

amantadine or rimantadine

given within 48 hours of onset

35
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors

A

zanamivir
oseltamirvir
work against type A and b

36
Q

RSV fmaily

A

Paramyxoviridae

37
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

caused from RSV
inflammation of the bronchioles of the lungs
prevent in children due to smaller airways

38
Q

2 viral envelope glycoprotiens involved in attachment

A

hemagglutinin-neurominidase

membrane fusion protein

39
Q

Adenovirus viral capside

A

icosadeltahdral structure

40
Q

Tissues that adenovirus infects

A

Respiratory tract
Conjunctiva
enteric organs

41
Q

Can adenovirus go latent/

A

Yes, in lymphoid tissues when DNA integrates into the host genome

42
Q

Can adenovirus cause viremia?

A

Yes, in immunosuppresed patients it can spread to the kidney, bladder, liver, and lymphoid tissue.

43
Q

Adenovirus prevention

A

hand washing
careful hygeine
isolation of infected individuals

Medical Microbiology Test 2 (8 decks)

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