Respiratory cases Flashcards
RSV characteristics
enveloped
single stranded negative RNA
RSV prevalence
affects all ages
more severe symptoms in infants and young children and immunocpromised
occurs late october to early Jan
RSV symptoms
Runny nose dry cough fever less than 102 sore throat mild headache nasal flaring low oxygen saturation tachycardia hyperaeration: no infiltrates
RSV Severe symptoms
fever 102-104 cough dry bark like tachypnea cyanosis retractions (rib and neck area sinks in) wheezing rales bronchiolitis (inflammation and plugging)
RSV transmission
Respiratory droplets
can stay on fomites 3-30 hours
RSV Diagnosis
Elisa on nasal secretions (low specificity)
definitively through viral genome or antigen detection
nasal washings have virus for PCR
RSV Prognosis
mortality is high in infants with reduced immune function
usually runs course in 10-14 days
RSV treatment
Ribavirin is an antiviral approved for use via aerosolization in high risk infants
supportive care: oxygenationm; IV; nebulized cold stream
Mumps symptoms
SWELLING OF THE PAROTID low fever malaise onset of ear pain opening of mouth painful reddened skin NEVER VACCINATED
Family of mumps
paramyxoviridae
Mumps characteristics
enveloped
single stranded negative RNA
Mumps transmission
respiratory droplets, saliva, or fomites
incubation 16-18 days before symptoms strat
Mumps epidemiology
establishes in the respiratory tract then goes through the stensen duct to the parotid glands and from there it can become viremic
Mumps complications
ovary or testes inflammation
meningitis
pancreatitis
deafness
Mumps diagnoses
normally by clinical presentation and lack of MMR
can detect viral antigen
furfold rise in mumps specific IgM or IgG antibody in patients serum
synctia and cell rounding may be observed in culture
viral antigen detection via immunofluorescence
Mump treatment
usually self limiting
resolves in 2-3 weeeks
rest, fluids, pain killers
Adenovirus symptoms
CONJUNCTIVITIS head cold with runny nose exudative pharyngitis (white spots on tonsils) cervial adenitis gastroenteritis high fever
Adenovirus characteristics
nonenveloped
linear double stranded DNA
Adenovirus transmission
person to person via respiratory droplets, close contact, fecal oral route, fomite transmission, waterborne transmission
Adenovirus diagnosis
typically made on clinical presentation
cell culture, elisa, pcr, dna probe can detect viral type in clinical samples and tissue culture
Adenovirus treatment
no treatment
just treat symptoms
military has oral vaccines for types 4 and 7
How does adenovirus infect cells?
Viral attachment proteins on the end of fibers bind to a receptor (coxsackie adenovirus receptor). the virus is internalized where the fibers are released that disrupt the endosome by poking holes in it. The virus escapes and goes to the nucleus to affect gene expression.
What yielded a positive results for influenza?
DFA test of nasopharyngeal wash with monoclonal antibody directed agasint seasonal flu virus
Flu symptoms
Fever Sudden onset Chills Muscle aches cough
Influenza properties
Single stranded (-) RNA enveloped
Hemagglutinin
H antigen
Influenza uses it to attach
Neuraminidase
N antiegne
serves to sever the virus as it buds from the plasma membrane or from mucus
Human influence type As
H1N1
H3N2
How many Ns
9
How many Hs
15
Influenza incubation
48-72 hours
How does influenza gain access to the cell?
Penetrates respiratory epithelial cells in the trachea and bronchi
Binds to sialic acid receptors
Neuraminidase degrades protective mucus
viral envelope fuses to the cells plasma membrane
What causes the symptoms of influenza?
cytokines liberated from damaged inflitrating leukocytes
Influenza treatment for type A
amantadine or rimantadine
given within 48 hours of onset
Neuraminidase inhibitors
zanamivir
oseltamirvir
work against type A and b
RSV fmaily
Paramyxoviridae
Bronchiolitis
caused from RSV
inflammation of the bronchioles of the lungs
prevent in children due to smaller airways
2 viral envelope glycoprotiens involved in attachment
hemagglutinin-neurominidase
membrane fusion protein
Adenovirus viral capside
icosadeltahdral structure
Tissues that adenovirus infects
Respiratory tract
Conjunctiva
enteric organs
Can adenovirus go latent/
Yes, in lymphoid tissues when DNA integrates into the host genome
Can adenovirus cause viremia?
Yes, in immunosuppresed patients it can spread to the kidney, bladder, liver, and lymphoid tissue.
Adenovirus prevention
hand washing
careful hygeine
isolation of infected individuals
