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Medical Microbiology Test 2 > Herpesvirus > Flashcards

Herpesvirus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

3 Things all viruses have

A

nucleic acid
protein coat
some can have extra material (glycoproteins)

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2
Q

Virion

A

infectious virus particle

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3
Q

Enveloped virus

A

has a tegument between the capsid and lipid bilayer

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4
Q

Properties of herpes viruses

A
  1. Infections last a lifetime in latency stage
  2. They do not integrate into host cell genomes (tethering event)
  3. Herpes can reactivate
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5
Q

Explain the tethering event

A

Proteins that mediate genome persistance in host cells are made that bind to the viral genome and ensure that as the host cell divides, the viral genome is copied

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6
Q

What two molecules control the virus?

A

Natural killer cells

CD8 T cells

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7
Q

Alphaherpesviruses

A

HSV1
HSV2
varicella zoster virus
latent in neurons

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8
Q

Betaherpesviruses

A 
humany ctomegalovirus (HCMV)
latent in T cells
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9
Q

Gammaherpesviruses

A

Epstein barr virus
Kaposi sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV)
latent in B cells

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10
Q

Tropism

A

Which host cells are susceptible by which particular particles

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11
Q

How do viruses pick a host cell?

A

Glycoproteins have the ability to attach to particular host proteins

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12
Q

How does herpes infect a cell?

A

Attaches and enters

  1. Tegument proteins released
  2. capsid translocates to nucleus
  3. DNA injected
  4. Transcription of genome
  5. goes through rough ER and Golgi
  6. Goes out of cell
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13
Q

Steps of viral replication

A
  1. attachment
  2. penetration/absorption
  3. synthesis
  4. assembly
  5. release
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14
Q

3 mechanisms of disease for viruses

A
  1. cytopathic effect (disrupts normal cell physiology)
  2. host immune response
  3. tumorigenesis: viral infection promotes uncontrolled proliferation of infected cells
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15
Q

Process by which VZV infection occurs

A
  1. infection of upper respiratory mucosa with virus containing droplets
  2. virus spreads to region lymph nodes and replicates
  3. virus spreads to liver and spleen
  4. Infection of skin leads to appearance of rash and fever may occur
  5. virus enters neurons and migrates to ganglia
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16
Q

Process by which HSV infection occurs

A
  1. Virus penetrates into skin where it replicates
  2. Virus enters cutaneous neurons and migrates to ganglia where it remains in latency
  3. Virus can be reactivated and travel through sensory neurons to epidermis
  4. REcurrent infection results
17
Q

What causes ulcers to form in HSV-1

A

CD8+ cytoxic effect

18
Q

What causes the chickenpox response?

A

CD8 T cell response

19
Q

How can we treat Alphaherpesvirus?

A

Acyclovir

20
Q

How does acyclovir work?

A

Tricks viral polymerase into thinking it’s a guanine base

Once it’s incorporated, it’ll terminate the chain since it’s missing the sugar group with the 3’ OH.

21
Q

How is acyclovir activated?

A

Thymidine kinase

22
Q

What do betaherpesviruses infect?

A

fibroblasts

23
Q

Example of betaherpesvirus

A

HCMV

24
Q

HCMV

A

most infections asymptomatic
Can be a problem in organ transplants and newborns
transmitted through close contact

25
Q

How can we treat HCMV?

A

gangcyclovir

HCMV doesn’t have kinase and gangcyclovir is activated by B herpes kinase

26
Q

Example of gammherpesvirus

A

EBV

Epstein barr virus

27
Q

EBV

A

spread through saliva
infects cells of the immune system
reactivates from plasma-B cells

28
Q

Process of EBV infection

A
  1. enters saliva and infects epithelial cells of the oropharnyx
  2. infection of B cells
  3. B cells proliferate
  4. expression of EBV early proteins
  5. T cell activation
  6. Enlargement of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes
29
Q

When during the EBV infection does shedding occur?

A

after the epithelial cells become infected

30
Q

When during the EBV infection is antibody formed?

A

After B cells proliferate

31
Q

HSV-1 site of latency

A

Trigeminal sensory ganglia

32
Q

HSV-2 site of latency

A

Lumbar or sacral sensory ganglia

33
Q

VZV site of latency

A

Trigeninal and dorsal root ganglia

34
Q

Cytomegalovirus site of latency

A

Monocytes, lymphocytes

35
Q

Epstein barr virus site of latency

A

B lymphocytes

Medical Microbiology Test 2 (8 decks)

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