Skin And Bones Flashcards
What is skin responsible for?
Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion and vitamin d production.
What is the epidermis layer?
The outermost layer of epithelial tissue and covers the external surface of the body.
What is the dermis layer?
Thick layer beneath the epidermis that contains arteries, veins and nerves.
What is the subcutaneous layer?
Loose connective tissue composed of adipose tissue and lipocytes.
What do hair follicles do?
Generally hair
What do sebaceous oil glands do?
Produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft and prevent bacteria from growing on the skin.
What is the purpose of toenails and fingernails?
To protect the ends of fingers and toes.
What do the sudoriferous glands do?
Produce sweat and aid in cooling the body.
What are the 3 layers of skin?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
Axial skeleton
Has 80 bones including skull, vertebrae and ribs
Appendicular skeleton
Has 126 bones including arms, legs and pelvic girdle
What are ligaments?
They attach bone to bone for joint stability
What are tendons?
They join muscle to bone that help move extremities. Helps avoid injury by absorbing some of the impact the muscles take.
What is connective tissue/cartilage?
Maintains, protects and gives form to other tissues and organs. Part of connective tissue in the larynx and respiratory tract. Covers and protects long bones.
What are long bones?
They have epiphysis, diaphysis and medullary cavities containing yellow bone marrow. Covered by articular cartilage to allow joint movement without friction.
Ex: femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, ulna and radius
What are short bones?
Found in the wrists and ankles, typically small and round.
Ex: carpals and tarsals
What are flat bones?
The majority of surface area of these bones are flat or slightly curved.
Ex: skull and ribs
What are irregular bones?
Bones with an unusual shape, typically related to its function.
Ex: vertebrae and pelvis
What are sesamoid bones?
Small round bones found in joints held in place by tendons.
Ex: patella
What is red bone marrow?
Found within bones, responsible for producing new blood cells, also known as hematopoiesis.
What bones make up the appendicular skeleton ?
Upper extremities: scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
Lower extremities: pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.
Bones of the axial skeleton
Skull, cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx and ribs
Skeletal muscle
Responsible for body movement, also called voluntary muscle/striated muscle
Smooth muscle
Find within the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels and the iris of the eye. Also called involuntary muscles.
