Human Cell Anatomy

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

A selectively permeable membrane made of phospholipids and proteins surrounding the entire cell. Separates the internal components from the surrounding environment. Essential to the life of the cell.

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Gel like fluid that fills the inside of the cell, compromised of water, electrolytes, metabolic waste and nutrients. Contains many organelle or cell structures.

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Control center of the cell. It regulates cell activity and houses DNA.

Question 4

Nuclear membrane

Answer 4

Double layered porous membrane surrounding the nucleus, only allows specific material into the nucleus.

Question 5

Nucleolus

Answer 5

Dense body in the nucleus without enclosing membranes which most cells contain. Forms RNA and ribosomes.

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Elongated rod shaped bodies filled with fluid, containing DNA. The power plant of the cell. Converts nutrients to energy.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Small granules of RNA found in the nucleolus or cytoplasm. Protein synthesis for both internal and external use.

Question 8

Cilia

Answer 8

Short hair like microtubules projecting from the cell membrane. Helps move substances along the surface of the cell.

Question 9

Flagella

Answer 9

Long hair like microtubules projecting from the cell membrane. Moves itself with a whip like motion.

Question 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

Complex connection of membranous fluid filled flat sacs and tubular channels. Connect cell membrane to nucleus membrane and transports materials through the cell.

Question 11

Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

4-6 flat membranous sacs connected to the endoplasmic reticulum typically found near the nucleus. Packaging and shipment plant of the cell. Forms lysosomes

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Sacs surrounded by membranes created by the Golgi apparatus. Digests waste materials including damaged materials found in the cell, old cell components and materials entering the cell.

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

Compromised of protein micro filaments and microtubules . Maintains shape and structure of the cell, keeps organelles in place and moves them throughout the cell as needed.

Question 14

Centrioles

Answer 14

Pair of rod shaped bodies made of microtubules found near the nucleus without enclosing. Participates in cell reproduction through distribution of DNA to new cells.