Heart/EKG

Question 1

Sinus dysrhythmia

Answer 1

Also know as sick sinus syndrome. Can cause slow heartbeats, pauses, or irregular heartbeats.

Question 2

Sinus arrhythmia

Answer 2

Results in variable heart rate that changes with breathing.

Question 3

Sinus bradycardia

Answer 3

Heart beats slower than expected (under 60 beats per minute) but otherwise works normally. Fairly common in adults over 65 or those who exercise regularly. Not serious unless symptomatic.

Question 4

Sinus tachycardia

Answer 4

Rhythm of heart has an increased rate of electrical charge from the sinoatrial node resulting in higher than upper limit of normal (90-100 beats)

Question 5

Sinus arrest

Answer 5

When sinoatrial node of the heart transiently ceases to generate electrical charge impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

Question 6

Atrial flutter

Answer 6

Irregular heartbeat, causes the heart to beat too fast. Can be serious if left untreated.

Question 7

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 7

Irregular often rapid heartbeats rhythm that can lead to stroke, heart failure and other complications.

Question 8

Premature atrial contractions

Answer 8

Occasional extra heartbeats that disrupt the normal rhythm of the heart. They originate in the upper heart chambers.

Question 9

Premature ventricular contractions

Answer 9

Occurs when the electrical signal to start the heartbeat comes from the lower chambers. Common but not dangerous.

Question 10

Ventricular tachycardia

Answer 10

Irregular heart rhythm (v-tach) u usually fast heartbeats that start in the lower part of your heart called the ventricles.

Question 11

Ventricular fibrillation

Answer 11

Dangerous problem with the heart rhythm that keeps the heart from pumping blood the way it should. Emergent

Question 12

Asystole

Answer 12

When there is no heartbeat (flatline)

Question 13

Wandering baseline

Answer 13

Slow undulating baseline on ekg can be caused by patient movement

Question 14

Artery

Answer 14

Thick walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 15

Vein/venule

Answer 15

Vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Contains valves to prevent back flow. Smaller branches are venues.

Question 16

Capillaries

Answer 16

Smallest blood vessels which connect arteries to venules. Aid in exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and body cells.

Question 17

Endocardium

Answer 17

Innermost layer of cells that line the atria, ventricles and heart valves.

Question 18

Myocardium

Answer 18

Muscular layer of the heart.

Question 19

Pericardium

Answer 19

Outermost layer of the heart. A membrane that surrounds the heart and secretes pericardial fluid.

Question 20

Where do you locate the brachial pulse?

Answer 20

Inside upper arm

Question 21

Where do you locate carotid pulse?

Answer 21

Neck below the jawline

Question 22

Where do you locate the temporal artery?

Answer 22

On the side of the forehead.

Question 23

Where do you locate the femoral artery?

Answer 23

Inner groin

Question 24

Where do you locate the popliteal artery?

Answer 24

Behind the knee.

Question 25

Where do you locate the dorsalis pedis artery?

Answer 25

On top of the foot.

Question 26

What is the normal respiratory rates for newborns?

Answer 26

30-40

Question 27

What is the normal respiratory rate for infants?

Answer 27

30-60

Question 28

What is the normal respiratory rate for toddlers?

Answer 28

26-32

Question 29

What is the normal respiratory rate for a child?

Answer 29

20-30

Question 30

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adolescent?

Answer 30

16-20

Question 31

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

Answer 31

16-22

Question 32

What is hyperventilation?

Answer 32

Fast/rapid breathing. Can be caused by intense pain, anxiety or panic attacks.

Question 33

What is hyperpnea?

Answer 33

Excessive deep breathing. Can be caused by extreme pain or anxiety.

Question 34

What is dyspnea?

Answer 34

Difficult/painful breathing. Can be caused by COPD, pneumonia, asthma, high altitude and physical exertion.

Question 35

What is orthopnea?

Answer 35

Difficulty breathing unless in the upright position. Can be caused by CHF and COPD

Question 36

What is wheezing?

Answer 36

Whistling sounds during breathing. Can be caused by asthma.

Question 37

What are rales?

Answer 37

Small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds. Can be caused by fluid in air sacs or pneumonia.

Question 38

What are ronchi?

Answer 38

Large airway sounds. Can be caused by COPD, chronic bronchitis and pneumonia.

Question 39

What are the signs of a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

Answer 39

Chest pain, chest heaviness or discomfort in the center or left side of chest. Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, back, shoulders, neck, jaw or above the belly button. Sob, excessive sweating, tired, nausea, vomiting, dizzy irregular or rapid heartbeat.