Body Systems

Question 1

Lymph nodes

Answer 1

Small glandular structures concentrated in the neck, axilla and groin. Produce and store lymphocytes.

Question 2

Lymph nodules

Answer 2

Masses of lymphoid tissue comprised of macrophages and lymphocytes, not encapsulated like lymph nodes.

Question 3

Thymus

Answer 3

Located posterior to the sternum, larger in children and shrinks after adolescence. Responsible for production and maturation of t-cells

Question 4

Spleen

Answer 4

Largest lymphoid organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. Home to macrophages that filter the blood.

Question 5

Interstitial fluid

Answer 5

Tissue fluid between cells. Once collected and filtered it is called lymph.

Question 6

Antigen

Answer 6

Foreign substance in the body

Question 7

Antibody

Answer 7

Protein the body makes in response to specific antigens

Question 8

Immunoglobulins

Answer 8

Antibodies

Question 9

B-cells

Answer 9

Lymphocytes that can recognize antigens and responds by turning into plasma cells. The plasma cells then create antibodies against specific antigens.

Question 10

T-cells

Answer 10

Lymphocyte that can recognize antigens and attaches to them and invades the cells directly.

Question 11

Monocytes

Answer 11

They engulf and destroy pathogens that have been coagulated with antibodies

Question 12

Kidneys purpose and location

Answer 12

Located at either side of the vertebral column at the level of the top lumbar vertebrae, responsible for removing waste from the blood and producing urine.

Question 13

Ureters

Answer 13

Long tubes responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 14

Urinary bladder

Answer 14

Small muscular sac located within the pelvic cavity responsible for storing urine

Question 15

Urethra

Answer 15

Tube responsible for carrying urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body and is longer in males due to pelvic shape and position of the prostate. The urinary meat is is located at the end of the urethra where urine exits the body.

Question 16

What is the mouth responsible for?

Answer 16

Initiating digestion, both mechanical (chewing) and chemical (saliva)

Question 17

What does the pharynx include?

Answer 17

Throat and esophagus

Question 18

Stomach

Answer 18

Receives food from esophagus and breaks it down using gastric juices, then propels the food to the small intestine.

Question 19

Small intestine

Answer 19

Takes up most of the space in the abdominal cavity and is primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients. It is divided into 3 sections: duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Question 20

Large intestine

Answer 20

Also called the colon. Completes absorption and forms stool from solid waste products. It is divided into 5 sections: cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon.

Question 21

Rectum

Answer 21

The end of the colon that stores feces until defecation

Question 22

Anus

Answer 22

The end of the rectum which opens to the outside of the body to allow for elimination of feces.

Question 23

Liver

Answer 23

Produces bile needed to break down fats

Question 24

Gall bladder

Answer 24

Stores bile and connects to the duodenum

Question 25

Pancreas

Answer 25

Connects to the duodenum and produces enzymes that aid with digestion

Question 26

What makes up the respiratory system?

Answer 26

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs

Question 27

Pharynx

Answer 27

During respirations air enters through the nose and mouth into the pharynx

Question 28

Larynx

Answer 28

Superior to the trachea and produces a persons voice

Question 29

Trachea

Answer 29

Called the wind pipe, extends from the larynx and branches into bronchi that are lined with cilla

Question 30

What does the central nervous system include?

Answer 30

Brain and spinal cord

Question 31

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

Answer 31

Peripheral nerves throughout the body

Question 32

What does the somatic nervous system include?

Answer 32

The body’s voluntary muscles

Question 33

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 33

Breathing and digestion

Question 34

What makes up the nervous system?

Answer 34

Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Question 35

Testes

Answer 35

Produce sperm and testosterone, located within the scrotum.

Question 36

Scrotum

Answer 36

Pouch of skin that holds testes

Question 37

Epididymis

Answer 37

Coiled tube located superior to each testes . Responsible for maturation of sperm cells.

Question 38

Vas deferens

Answer 38

Connects epididymis to the urethra

Question 39

Seminal vesicles

Answer 39

Sac like organs that secrete seminal fluid that stimulate muscle contractions in the female reproductive organs to aid in propelling sperm forward.

Question 40

Prostate gland

Answer 40

Surrounds the proximal urethra, contracts during ejaculation to aid in forward movement of sperm. Secretes fluid that protects sperm inside the vagina.

Question 41

Bulbourethral gland (cowpers gland)

Answer 41

Inferior to the prostate gland, secretes fluid to lubricate the end of the penis to prepare for intercourse.

Question 42

Androgens

Answer 42

Group of male sex hormones

Question 43

Testosterone

Answer 43

Most abundant and biologically active of the male sex hormones.

Question 44

Fallopian tubes

Answer 44

Muscular tubes with proximal opening near each ovary connects distally to the uterus and receives eggs during ovulation.

Question 45

Ovaries

Answer 45

Pair of oval shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity that produce ova , estrogen and progesterone.

Question 46

Uterus

Answer 46

Hollow muscular organ the receives fertilized eggs. If no egg implants the uterine lining sheds causing menstruation.

Question 47

Vagina

Answer 47

Muscular tube extending from the uterus to the outside body.

Question 48

Penis

Answer 48

External cylinder shaped organ that moves urine and semen out of the body.

Question 49

Labia majors

Answer 49

Folds of skin and adipose tissue that protect other external genitalia.

Question 50

Labia minora

Answer 50

Folds of skin within the labia majora, pinkish in color due to high blood circulation. Forms a hood over the clitoris.

Question 51

Clitoris

Answer 51

Highly sensitive erectile tissue located anterior to the urethra.

Question 52

Perineum

Answer 52

Area between vagina and anus

Question 53

Estrogen

Answer 53

Group of sex hormones

Question 54

Progesterone

Answer 54

Hormone secreted by ovaries

Question 55

Estradiol

Answer 55

Most abundant and biologically active female hormone.