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Histo - LEC > Skin and Appendages > Flashcards

Skin and Appendages Flashcards

1
Q

What % accounts for the weight of the skin in the body

A

15%

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2
Q

Where is the location of the thinnest skin

A

eyelids

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3
Q

Where is the location of the thickest skin

A

soles of the feet

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4
Q

Forming ____ helps in regulation of body temperature

A

sweat

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5
Q

What helps in the production of vitamin D

A

UV rays of the sunlight and 7-dehydrocholestrol in the epithelial tissue

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6
Q

What are the layers of the skin

A

Epidermis

Dermis

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7
Q

Where is epidermis derived from

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

Where is the dermis derived from; What kind of tissue is it

A

Mesoderm; connective tissue

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9
Q

It is an irregular conical projections

A

Dermal papillae

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10
Q

Irregular conical invaginations of the epidermis

A

epidermal ridges

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11
Q

What anchors the dermis

A

Hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue

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12
Q

What kind of tissue is hypodermis

A

loose connective tissue

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13
Q

What kind of tissue is epidermis

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

When does the epidermis renew

A

Every 20 to 30 days

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15
Q

What % comprises keratinocytes

A

85 to 95%

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16
Q

It is an intermediate filament that is also present but in much lesser amounts in other epithelial cells

A

Keratin

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17
Q

What are the types of skin

A

Thick and thin skin

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18
Q

What area does the thick skin cover

A

Palms and soles

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19
Q

What are the layers of the thick skin

A 
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
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20
Q

What is the other term for stratum basale

A

stratum germinativum

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21
Q

What is the other term for stratum spinosum

A

prickle cell layer

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22
Q

What is the other term for stratum lucidum

A

clear layer

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23
Q

What is the other term for stratum corneum

A

horny cell layer

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24
Q

What comprises the cornified layer

A

stratum corneum and lucidum

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25
Q

What comprises the stratum malpighii

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum

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26
Q

It consists of a single layer of tall cuboidal keratinocytes

A

stratum basale

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27
Q

It consists of polyhedral keratinocytes arranged in several layers

A

stratum spinosum

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28
Q

It consists of 3 to 5 layers of keratinocytes that are more flattened

A

stratum granulosum

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29
Q

It is a histidine-rich protein in the keratohyaline granules

A

Profillagrin but when reach the corneum then becomes fillagrin

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30
Q

The cells of this layer are dead cells

A

stratum granulosum

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31
Q

It consists of 4 to 6 layers of flat, dead, anucleate keratinocytes

A

stratum lucidum

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32
Q

It consists of 15 to 20 rows of flattened keratinocytes

A

stratum corneum

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33
Q

It is a superficial layer that is free of each other and continuously shed

A

stratum dysjunctum

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34
Q

It covers the whole body except the palms and the soles

A

thin skin

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35
Q

What are the layers of thin skin

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum corneum

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36
Q

What are the other cells types in the epidermis

A

melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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37
Q

What does melanocytes produce

A

melanin pigment

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38
Q

What % does the melanocytes comprise in the epidermis

A

7 to 10%

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39
Q

Where can melanocytes be seen in the epidermis

A

stratum basale and stratum spinosum

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40
Q

What laboratory technique is used to distinguish melanocytes from Langerhans cells

A

DOPA technique (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)

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41
Q

It is a membrane bound granules in the cytoplasm

A

melanosomes

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42
Q

Melanin is produced in the melanosomes. T/F

A

T

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43
Q

What amino acid is melanin from

A

Tyrosine

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44
Q

How many keratinocytes is supplied by each melanocyte

A

30

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45
Q

A melanocyte and keratinocyte that supplies with melanin is called

A

epidermal melanin unit

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46
Q

What are the pigments of the skin

A

Carotene
Hemoglobin
Melanin

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47
Q

It is a substance that is present in the intercellular substance of the epidermis that gives the skin a yellowish hue

A

Carotene

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48
Q

It is the red oxygen-carrying pigment present in RBC that circulate in the capillaries of the dermis

A

Hemoglobin

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49
Q

It gives the skin its brown to black shade

A

Melanin

50
Q

Skin color is based on the number of melanocytes and not the amount of melanin of the melanocytes produce. T/F

A

F

51
Q

Where did melanocytes arise from

A

Neural crest

52
Q

These are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are not only in the skin but in the stratified squamous epithelia

A

Langerhans cells

53
Q

What % of the dermis does Langerhans cells comprise

A

3 to 8%

54
Q

It is a rod-shaped, membrane-bound granules

A

Birbeck granules

55
Q

Where are Langerhans cells derived from

A

Bone marrow

56
Q

They are the least in number among the cells types in epidermis. Usually occur singly and occasionally in clusters in the basal region of the dermis

A

Merkel cells

57
Q

It is a disc-shaped cell with short cytoplasmic processes

A

Merkel cells

58
Q

What is the composition of a Merkel disc

A

merkel cell + axon termination + sensory neuron

59
Q

This layer is much thicker than the epidermis

A

Dermis (Corium)

60
Q

What are the histologic layers of the dermis

A

Papillary and reticular layer

61
Q

It is the the more superficial layer of the dermis

A

Papillary layer

62
Q

What kind of tissue is papillary layer

A

loose connective tissue

63
Q

What comprises the papillary layer

A

dermal papillae

64
Q

It is thicker than the papillary layer

A

Reticular layer

65
Q

What kind of tissue is reticular layer

A

dense irregular connective tissue

66
Q

It is the layer that binds the dermis of the skin to the underlying structures

A

Hypodermis

67
Q

What kind of layer is the hypodermis

A

loose connective tissue

68
Q

What does the hypodermis contain

A

adipose cells

69
Q

Numerous adipose tissue

A

Panniculus adiposus

70
Q

What are the groups of sensory nerve endings

A

Simple nerve endings (free nerve endings)
Expanded-tip nerve endings (Merkel discs)
Encapsulated nerve endings (Ruffini’s corpuscles, end bulbs of Krause, Vater-Pacinian corpuscles, and Meissner’s corpuscles)

71
Q

What are the structures derived from the epidermis

A

har, nail, cutaneous glands (sabaceous glands, and sweat glands)

72
Q

It is a filamentous, keratinized structure that covers practically the whole body except the lips, palms, soles, distal dorsal parts of fingers etc

A

Hair

73
Q

It is the part of the hair that projects from the surface of the skin

A

Shaft

74
Q

Part of hair that is embedded in the skin

A

Root

75
Q

What comprises a hair follicle

A

hair root and sheaths

76
Q

IT is a thin smooth muscle whose one end attached to the connective tissue surrounding the hair follicle at about its mid-length

A

Arrector pili muscle

77
Q

It is the simulataneous contraction of numerous arrector pili muscles

A

Goose pimple or goose flesh

78
Q

It is part of the hair that is bulbous proximal portion

A

Hair bulb

79
Q

It consists of connective tissue where capillaries that supply the hair follicle with nutrients and oxygen are embedded

A

Hair papilla

80
Q

What are the histological layers of mature hair

A

medulla
cortex
cuticle

81
Q

It is absent in thin hair but occupies the core of hair

A

Medulla

82
Q

It surrounds the medulla and is the thickest of the concentric layers of hair

A

Cortex

83
Q

This layer receives greater number of melanosomes

A

Cortex

84
Q

It is the thinnest of the concentric layers

A

Cuticle

85
Q

Active growth period of hair follicle

A

Anagen

86
Q

Rest period of hair follicle

A

Telogen

87
Q

What is the growth and resting period of scalp

A

2 - 4 years; 3 months

88
Q

What is the growth and resting period of eyebrows

A

1 to 2 months; 3 to 4 months

89
Q

It is the sheath that surrounds the initial segment of the hair

A

Inner root sheath

90
Q

It envelopes the internal root sheath

A

External root sheath

91
Q

It is nerve endings that are in contact with hair bulbs and resemble Meissner’s corpuscle structurally

A

Lanceolate endings

92
Q

It consists of heavily keratinized epithelial cells that form protective covers on the dorsal surfaces of the terminal ends of digits

A

Nails

93
Q

It is part of the nail that is synonymous with the stratum corneum

A

Nail plate

94
Q

It is where the nail plate rests

A

Nail bed

95
Q

It is where the growth of nail occurs

A

Nail matrix

96
Q

Proximal part of nail plate

A

Nail root

97
Q

It is the white crescent shaped area at the proximal portion of the exposed nail

A

Lunula

98
Q

It is the dorsal surface of the nail

A

Nail fold

99
Q

Distal end of the nail fold is highly keratinized and is referred to as

A

Eponychium (Nail cuticle)

100
Q

It is a thickened accumulation of stratum corneum

A

Hyponychium

101
Q

It is the appendages of hair since it is found where hair is present

A

Sebaceous glands

102
Q

What is the nature of secretion of sebaceous glands

A

Holocrine glands

103
Q

What is the shape of secretory units of sebaceous glands

A

Simple branched alveolar glands

104
Q

What kind of tissue is a sebaceous gland

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

105
Q

What does sebaceous gland secrete

A

sebum

106
Q

What are the types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine and Apocrine glands

107
Q

It is in the eyelids whose secretions are released into the follicles of the eyelashes

A

Glands of Moll

108
Q

It is the usual site for styles

A

Glands of Zeis

109
Q

It produces cerumen

A

Ceruminous glands

110
Q

It secrets milk

A

Mammary glands

111
Q

It is numerous in palms and soles

A

Eccrine glands

112
Q

What kind of secretory unit does the sweat gland have

A

Simple coiled tubular gland

113
Q

What type of tissue is sweat gland

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

114
Q

It is the opening of a duct on the skin surface

A

Sweat pore

115
Q

What is eccrine glands also known as

A

Merocrine glands

116
Q

What is the function of sweat glands

A

help regulate body temperature

117
Q

Where is the apocrine glands found

A

axilla, around the anus, areola, and labia majora

118
Q

What is the secretory unit of the apocrine glands

A

Coiled tubular glands

119
Q

The apocrine is much larger than the eccrine gland. T/F

A

T

120
Q

The eccrine sweat glands is active in childhood while the apocrine is active only in puberty. T/F

A

T

Histo - LEC (8 decks)

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