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Histo - LEC > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

It is the ability of a muscle to shorten

A

contractility

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2
Q

These cells are associated with very small blood vessels

A

Pericytes

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3
Q

These cells are associated with acini and small ducts of exocrine glands

A

Myoepithelial cells

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4
Q

These cells exhibit the greatest degree of contractility among all cells

A

Muscle cells (myocytes)

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5
Q

It is the basic tissue responsible for locomotion

A

Muscle Tissue

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6
Q

Where are muscle cells derived from

A

Mesoderm

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7
Q

Where does the iris of the eye arise from

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane

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9
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

smooth ER

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11
Q

Sarcosome

A

mitochondria

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12
Q

What are the classification according to anatomy

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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13
Q

What are the classification according to striation

A

Striated

Non-Striated

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14
Q

What are the classification according to contraction

A

Voluntary

Involuntary

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15
Q

It forms mouse shape organs

A

Skeletal Muscle

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16
Q

This is typically where the muscle is attached to

A

Tendon

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17
Q

What kind of tissue is a tendon

A

Dense regular CT

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18
Q

It is referred to as origin or insertion

A

Skeletal muscle

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19
Q

What are the exceptions, where is the muscle tissue not attached to

A

Upper third of esophagus

Muscle of facial expression

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20
Q

The contraction of this muscle is quick and forceful

A

Skeletal muscle

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21
Q

What are the factors affecting variation in diameter of skeletal muscles

A

Age
Sex
State of nutrition
Physical training

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22
Q

It the increase of cell volume

A

Hypertrophy

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23
Q

It is increase in number of cells

A

Hyperplasia

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24
Q

It is the collection of numerous skeletal muscle fibers bunched in groups

A

Fascicles

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25
Q

Fascicles are enveloped by a tough, dense, irregular CT that keeps fascicles together

A

Epimysium

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26
Q

Within the muscle of the fascicle is encased by a connective tissue called this

A

Perimysium

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27
Q

This layer is external to basal lamina

A

Endomysium

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28
Q

It is the inner connective tissue that is the avenue for blood vessels and nerve fibers

A

Perimysium

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29
Q

It is the external connective tissue layer that is dense irregular CT

A

Epimysium

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30
Q

What are the precursor cells of skeletal muscle

A

Myoblasts –> Mesenchymal cells

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31
Q

Transitional regions where collagen fibers of the tendons insert themselves
among muscle fibers and associate with complex infoldings of sarcolemma.

A

Myotendinous junction

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32
Q

It has an oval nuclei, longitudinally oriented and located in the periphery of the cell

A

Skeletal Muscle cells

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33
Q

How did muscle cells arise

A 
Mesenchymal cells →
Myoblast(precursor
cells) → Myotubes
→Myofilaments →
Muscle cells
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34
Q

The sarcoplasm of this cells are acidophilic with fewer rER and ribosomes

A

Skeletal Muscle cells

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35
Q

It is an oxygen-binding protein

A

Myoglobin

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36
Q

What are the inclusions of the skeletal muscle cells

A

Lipid droplets

Glycogen granules

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37
Q

It is the light band

A

Isotropic bands (I-band)

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38
Q

It is the dark bands

A

Anisotropic bands (A-band)

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39
Q

A fine dark transverse line that bisects the I-band

A

Zwischencheiben line (Z-line)

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40
Q

A lighter mid portion of the A-band

A

Heller band (H-band)

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41
Q

It bisects the H-band

A

Mittelscheibe line (M-line)

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42
Q

It is a myofibril made up of small contractile units

A

Sarcomere

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43
Q

What are the types of myofilaments

A

Thick

Thin

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44
Q

This filament is located in the middle zone of a sarcomere; Span the region of an A band

A

Thick filaments

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45
Q

This filament occupy the peripheral zones of a sarcomere

A

Thin filaments

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46
Q

What are the proteins present in the thin filaments

A

actin
troponin
tropomyosin

47
Q

What are the proteins present in the thick filaments

A

myosin

48
Q

What are the most abundant proteins in myofilaments

A

actin and myosin

49
Q

It is the principal protein component of thin filaments

A

F-actin

50
Q

What are the 2 stands of F-actin

A

Globular and soluble actin (G-actin)

51
Q

It has a role in regulation of contraction

A

Troponin-tropomyosin complexes

52
Q

What are the z-line proteins that anchors to F-actin

A

a-actinin

Desmin

53
Q

It contain two polypeptide chains that forms a long polymer

A

Tropomyosin

54
Q

What are the 3 subunits of Troponin

A

TnT
TnC
TnI

55
Q

It attaches to tropomyosin

A

TnT

56
Q

It binds to calcium ions

A

TnC

57
Q

It inhibits actin-myosin interaction

A

TnI

58
Q

It is composed of 6 polypeptide chains

A

Myosin

59
Q

Thin rod like molecules, tail

A

2 heavy chains

60
Q

Associated with the head

A

4 light chains

61
Q

How many myosin molecules are in the thick filament

A

274

62
Q

Tubular invaginations from the sarcolemma that anastomose to surround the sarcomeres

A

Transverse tubules

63
Q

Membrane-bound channels in between the T- tubules

Functions to capture and store calcium ions for muscle contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

64
Q

Pair of large flattened cisternae located at the junction of A- and I- bands

Found on either sides of the T-tubule

A

Terminal cisternae

65
Q

T-tubule with a pair of terminal cisternae

A

Triad

66
Q

T-tubule with a pair of terminal cisternae

A

Monor Endplate

67
Q

Connects with sarcolemma of muscle fibers

A

Axon terminals

68
Q

Somatic motor neuron attached to the muscle fiber

A

Motor unit

69
Q

Aka primary synaptic cleft; Depression on surface of muscle fibers

A

Synaptic trough

70
Q

It is also known as secondary synaptic clefts, it is deep folds within the primary synaptic cleft

A

Junction folds

71
Q

It is a neurotransmitter which signals depolarization

A

Acetylcholine

72
Q

What are the types of muscle fibers

A

red
white
intermediate

73
Q

Smaller, Richer in blood supply, Sarcoplasm has more mitochondria, glycogen granules and myoglobin, Slow twitch muscle fibers

A

Red

74
Q

Fast twitch muscle fibers; More forceful contractions

A

White

75
Q

Morphological and physiological characteristics in between red and white fibers

A

Intermediate

76
Q

Group of sensory receptors surrounding muscles, tendons and their connective tissue

A

Proprioceptive organs

77
Q

What are the classification of proprioceptive organs

A

sensory receptors and proprioceptors

78
Q

What are the sensory receptors

A

Free nerve endings
Vater-Pacinian corpuscles
Ruffini’s corpuscles

79
Q

What are the prorpioceptors

A

Free nerve endings
Neuromuscular spindles - AKA muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs

80
Q

It is embedded in the endomysium and perimysium; Involved in fine motor movements

A

Neuromuscular spindle

81
Q

What does the capsule of fusiform consists

A

Fluid

Modified striated muscle fibers

82
Q

Degree and velocity of stretch applied

A

Stratch receptor

83
Q

What are the modified striated muscle fibers of intrafusal fibers

A

nuclear bag and nuclear chain

84
Q

It is dilated and multinucleated

A

Nuclear bag

85
Q

It is not dilated and set of nuclei in a row

A

Nuclear chain

86
Q

What are the 2 sensory nerve endings?

A

Annualspiral endings

Flower-spray ending

87
Q

It is unmyelinated terminations spirally wrapped around the central portion of intrafusal muscle fibers

A

Annualspiral ending

88
Q

It is smaller with innervate peripheral portions of intrafusal fibers

A

Flower-spray endings

89
Q

It is located in tendons with collagen enclosed in connective tissue capsule

A

Golgi tendon organ

90
Q

It is striated, involuntary, with big blood vessels

A

Cardiac muscle

91
Q

It has 1-2 nuclei and is centrally located

A

Cardiac muscle

92
Q

This type of muscle cells has branches at the ends

A

Cardiac muscle cells

93
Q

What are the other organelles and structures in cardiac muscles

A

myofibrils
t-tubules
sarcoplasmic reticulum
intercalated discs

94
Q

The sarcoplasm is more abundant in the cardiac muscle cells. T/F

A

T

95
Q

It surrounds the z-lines, and lumen is bigger compared to skeletal (cardiac muscle cells)

A

T-tubules

96
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is not as well developed. Only 1 terminal cisterna is associated with T-tubule dyad. T/F

A

T

97
Q

Specialized junctions which attach cardiac muscle fibers to other cardiac muscle fibers

A

Intercalated discs

98
Q

broad intercellular junction, not band or belt

A

Fascia adherens

99
Q

What regions does the electron microscope exhibit in the cardiac muscle

A

Transverse and lateral portion

100
Q

It serves as an anchor

A

Transverse portion

101
Q

It contains the gap junctions

A

Lateral portion

102
Q

It is a specialized cardiac muscle cells that are non-contractile

A

Purkinje fibers

103
Q

It is involunatry, slow and not as forceful contractions

It has a fusiform shape

A

Smooth muscle

104
Q

What kind of nucleus does smooth muscle have

A

single, located at the thickest part of the cell

105
Q

Its sarcoplasm acidophilic, abundant myofilaments and organelles are located in perinuclear area

A

Sarcoplasm of smooth muscle cells

106
Q

Its myosin is less than skeletal muscles

A

Its myosin is less than skeletal muscles

107
Q

It does not have a sarcomere/myofibrils (no striations)

A

Smooth muscle cells

108
Q

It does not contain troponin

A

Smooth muscle cells

109
Q

It has a poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth muscle cells

110
Q

It is a small residual population of myoblast-like stem cells within the basal lamina surrounding the muscle cells

A

Satellite cells

111
Q

This muscle cells are the least capable of regeneration

A

Cardiac muscle cells

112
Q

What is the ratio of thin to thick filament in smooth muscle

A

15:1

113
Q

What is the ratio of thin to thick filament in skeletal musle

A

6:1

114
Q

Where is ratio of thin and thick filaments higher the skeletal or smooth muscle

A

Smooth muscle

Histo - LEC (8 decks)

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