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Histo - LEC > Circulatory > Flashcards

Circulatory Flashcards

1
Q

It is the organ system, that brings nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and other needed substances to the cells of the body from various point of origin

A

Circulatory system

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2
Q

What are the two system that makes up the circulatory system

A

cardiovascular system

lymph vascular system

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3
Q

Circulating mulky substance

A

lymph

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4
Q

Circulating substance in the cardiovascular system

A

blood

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5
Q

What comprises the cardiovascular system

A

heart

blood vascular system

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6
Q

What are the types of blood vessel

A

capillary
vein
artery

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7
Q

It brings blood from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart

A

pulmonary circulation

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8
Q

It brings blood from the heart to all the other tissues and organs of the body and then back to the heart

A

systemic circulation

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9
Q

It is a hollow muscular organ, the size of a clenched fist,

A

heart

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10
Q

where is the heart located

A

central mediastinum of the thoracic cavity

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11
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

right and left ventricle, right and left atria

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12
Q

It is a connective tissue that envelopes the heart

A

Pericardium

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13
Q

What are the pouches of the pericardium

A

FIbrous and serous pericardium

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14
Q

More external pouch that lines the central mediastinum

A

Fibrous pericardium

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15
Q

Pouch that has 2 layers during development; invaginate it from behind

A

serous pericardium

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16
Q

The more external of the layers of the serous pericardium adheres to the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium

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17
Q

The more internal layer adheres to the heart

A

Visceral pericardium

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18
Q

Space between the parietal and visceral pericardia

A

Pericardial cavity

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19
Q

What is the parietal pericardium made of (tissue)

A

loose connective tissue

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20
Q

What covers the parietal pericardium

A

epicardium

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21
Q

What are the histologic layers of the heart

A

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

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22
Q

It is the thinnest histologic layer of the heart

A

Endocardium

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23
Q

What are the layers of the endocardium

A

endothelium
subendothelium
subendocardium
Purkinje fibers

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24
Q

It is the layer that adjoins the cardiac lumen is a simple squamous epithelium

A

Endothelium

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25
Q

It is a very thin layer of loose connective tissue

A

Subendothelium

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26
Q

It is a loose connective tissue a misnomer because the layer is part of the endocardium

A

Subendocardium

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27
Q

It is the impulse-conducting system of the heart

A

Purkinje fibers

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28
Q

It is the thickest layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

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29
Q

What are the cells that compose the myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle fibers

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30
Q

What are the hormones that the cardiac muscle fibers secrete

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

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31
Q

This histologic layer of the heart is synonymous with visceral pericardium

A

Epicardium

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32
Q

What is the type of tissue of the epicardium

A

loose connective tissue

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33
Q

What type of tissue is the skeleton of the heart

A

dense CT

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34
Q

It form the central support of the heart

A

Cardiac skeleton

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35
Q

What are the 3 components of the cardiac skeleton

A

Septum membranaceum
Annuli fibrosi
Trigona fibrosa

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36
Q

Cardiac valves are vascular. T/F

A

F (avascular)

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37
Q

Contraction of cardiac muscle is triggered by an electrical impulse that is non contracticle

A

Purkinje fibers

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38
Q

what are the cell-to-cell attachments of Purkinje fibers

A

desmosomes, gap junctions, fascia adherens

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39
Q

What are the impulse conducting system of the heart components

A 
Sinoatrial node (SA Node)
internodal tracts
Atrioventricular node (AV Node)
AV bundle of His 
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
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40
Q

It consists of a dense network of interwoven Purkinje fibers that are slightly smaller than those found anywhere in the heart

A

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

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41
Q

It is also called the cardiac pacemaker

A

SA Node

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42
Q

It generates electrical impulse that initiates cardiac contraction

A

Purkinje fibers

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43
Q

What are the 3 small bundles of Purkinje fibers

A

anterior internodal tract (of Bachman)
middle internodal tract (of Wenckebach)
posterior internodal tract (of Thorel)

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44
Q

It is another collection of purkinje fibers that is located in the myocardium of the posterior lower part of the septum

A

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

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45
Q

Where is the AV Bundle of His located

A

Trigonum fibrosum

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46
Q

IT is where the AV bundle bifurcates to form the right and left bundle branches

A

Septum membranaceum

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47
Q

It runs downward along the periphery of the septum membranaceum in the subendocardium of the right ventricle

A

Right bundle branch

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48
Q

IT is also a subendocardium but of the left ventricl

A

Left bundle branch

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49
Q

What supplies the heart wall

A

Left and Right Coronary arteries

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50
Q

What drains the heart wall

A

Cardiac veins

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51
Q

Where is the main coronary arteries and branches located

A

Inner epicardium

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52
Q

It is the end arteries

A

Coronary arteries

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53
Q

Where does the cardiac veins empty

A

Coronary sinus

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54
Q

Where does the heart receive efferent nerve fibers

A

Vagus nerve (CNX) and sympathetic division of the (ANS)

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55
Q

It serves as a lining material not merely to facilitate the flow of blood through the blood vessels but also to regulate diffusion of substances and cells to and from blood

A

Endothelium

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56
Q

What are the blood clotting factors that endothelial cells secrete

A

von Willebrand factor, endothelins, protacyclins, nitic oxide

57
Q

It is the simplest of the blood vessels

A

Capillaries

58
Q

It has an ovoid or elongated nucleus that bulges into the lumen of the vessel while their attenuated cytoplasm is clear to finely granular

A

Capillary endothelial cells

59
Q

They are slender elongated call and not part of the wall of capillaries

A

Pericytes (Rouget cell)

60
Q

What are the types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

61
Q

This capillaries is characterized by an uninterrupted endothelium where adjoining endothelial cells adhere to each other by interdigitating

A

Continunous (type I)

62
Q

Where can the Type I capillaries be found

A

muscle
lungs
central nervous system
skin

63
Q

This type of capillaries the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells is very thin and is pierced bat intervals by pores that are bridged by a diaphragm

A

Fenestrated (type II)

64
Q

Where can the Type II capillaries be found

A

GI tract
endocrine glands
pancreas
reneal glomerolus

65
Q

This type of capillaries has an irregular and large cross-sectional outline

A

Sinusoidal capillaries

66
Q

What are the histologic layers of the walls of arteries and veins

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

67
Q

This wall layer consists of an endothelium and subendothelium

A

Tunica intima

68
Q

What kind of tissue is the tunica intima

A

loose CT and smooth muscle cells

69
Q

It is a layer in the tunica intima which consists of the non-fibrillar form of elastin that lies external to the subendothelial layer

A

internal elastic lamina

70
Q

Part of arteries that contain shaped cytoplasmic inclusion

A

Weibel-Palade bodies

71
Q

Weibel Palade bodies serve as storage site for ___

A

von Willebrand factor

72
Q

This wall layer is mainly made up of concentrically arranged smooth muscle fibers

A

Tunica media

73
Q

Part of the tunica media that is external to the smooth muscle layer that is made up of non-fibrillar form of elastin

A

External elastic lamina

74
Q

It is chiefly made of loose CT where cells and fibers are arranged longitudinally

A

Tunica adventitia

75
Q

It is able to deliver blood to the capillaries under greatly reduced pressure

A

Arterioles

76
Q

Branch of small capillary

A

Precapillary

77
Q

The tunica intima of the small artery consists of

A

endothelium

78
Q

The tunica media of arterioles consists of

A

a single layer of smooth muscle cells

79
Q

The tunica media of the arterioles is composed of

A

loose CT

80
Q

This type of artery distribute blood to the different parts of the body

A

Medium artery (Muscular arteries)

81
Q

What is the biggest muscular arteries

A

Brachial and femoral arteries

82
Q

What are the layers of the tunica intima of the medium artery

A

endothelium
subendothelium
internal elastic membrane

83
Q

What is the type of tissue of muscular artery

A

elastic and collagenous & few fibroblast

84
Q

The tunica media of the muscular artery is made up of what

A

smooth muscle cells with small amt of CT

85
Q

What is the tunica adventitia of the muscle artery contain

A

lymphatic vessels, nerves, and vasa vasorum

86
Q

It is small blood vessels that are present within the wall of large blood vessels. They are generally confined to the adventitia

A

Vasa vasorum

87
Q

What is a great example of an elastic artery

A

Aorta

88
Q

It has a wall relatively thin compared to the caliber of the vessel

A

Elastic artery

89
Q

What is the tunica intima of the elastic artery made of

A

endothelium

subendothelium

90
Q

What kind of tissue is the elastic artery

A

loose CT

91
Q

Part of the large arteries that are in the innermost elastic lamella of the tunica media

A

internal elastic membrane

92
Q

It is the thickest of the 3 histologic layer of the large artery

A

Tunica media

93
Q

It is arranger in sheets of elastin in the large artery

A

elastic lamellae

94
Q

What is the tunica media of the large artery made of

A

CT and smoothe muscle cells

95
Q

It is relatively thin in the large artery and merges with the surrounding connective tissue that contains the vase vasorum

A

Tunica adventitia

96
Q

Serve as the pump of the cardiovascular system during ___

A

diastole

97
Q

The elastic arteries store part of mechanical energy generated by the contraction of the heart by stretching the wall

A

Systole

98
Q

The tunica media of the arteries of the upper limbs are better developed than those of the lower limbs. T/F

A

F

99
Q

There are 2 layers of the umbilical arteries the inner and outer layer. T/F

A

T

100
Q

The coronary arteries have thick walls. T/F

A

T

101
Q

What are the sensory organs associated with arteries

A

carotid bodies
aortic bodies
carotid sinuses

102
Q

A sensory organ of 2 small structures that are embedded in the tunica adventitia

A

Carotid and aortic bodies

103
Q

The carotid and aortic bodies have what type of cells

A 
type I (glomus)
Type II (sheath)
104
Q

What are the sheath cells of the carotid and aortic bodies

A

Glial-like

105
Q

It is the slightly dilated area in the left and right internal carotid arteries

A

Carotid sinuses

106
Q

It has more numerous in distribution and have bigger calibers, more irregular lumens and thinner and less elastic walls

A

Veins

107
Q

It is essentially capillaries that have incorporated in a small amt of connective tissue into their wall; sites for exchange of gases and substance between blood and surrounding tissue

A

Venules

108
Q

This layer of venules has several of this layer

A

tunica media

109
Q

This layer of the venules is thick

A

tunica adventitia

110
Q

IT includes almost all the named veins and their principle tributaries

A

Medium veins

111
Q

What does the tunica intima of medium veins contain

A

endothelium and thin endothelial layer

112
Q

What does the tunica media of the medium vein contain

A

circularly arranged smooth muscle cells

113
Q

What does the tunica adventitia of the medium vein contain

A

connective tissue; vasa vasorum

114
Q

What are examples of large veins

A

inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, pulmonary and portal veins

115
Q

This layer of the large vein is thicker than the ones found in smaller veins

A

tunica intima

116
Q

This layer of the large vein is poorly developed and very few smooth muscle fibers are present

A

Tunica media

117
Q

This layer of the large vein is very thick and consists of 3 zones

A

Tunica adventitia

118
Q

What are the 3 zones of tunica adventitia

A

internal zone
middlezone
outerzone

119
Q

What does the internal zone comprise of

A

fibroelastic CT

120
Q

What does the middle zone comprise of

A

smooth muscle fibers

121
Q

What does the outer zone consists of

A

collagen and elastic fibers

122
Q

Blood vessels that connect small arteries directly to small veins

A

Arteriovenous anastomoses (AV anastomoses)

123
Q

In the skin of hands and feet the AV anastomosis form a large no of small histologically recognizable bodies that are rich in nerve fibers

A

Glomera

124
Q

Artery or vein that is in between the capillaries

A

Portal vessel

125
Q

This system drains the capillaries of the median eminence

A

Hypophyseoportal system

126
Q

Collect escapes of plasma proteins from plasma and return them to the venous side of the circulation

A

Lymph vascular system

127
Q

It is the smallest tubes that comprise the system

A

lymphatic capillaries

128
Q

It is called this when interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries

A

Lymph

129
Q

It is a milky substance which contain lymphocytes and fat droplets

A

Lymph

130
Q

These ducts drain into the veins at the back of the neck

A

Lymphatic ducts

131
Q

Where is the lymphatic capillaries not present

A

cartilage, bone, bone marrow, teeth, placenta, CNS

132
Q

The lymphatic system has pericytes. T/F

A

F

133
Q

The tunica intima of the lymph vessels consists

A

endothelium with CT layer

134
Q

The tunica media of the lymph vessels consists

A

1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle cells

135
Q

The tunica adventitia of the lymph vessels consists

A

Elastic and collagen fibers

136
Q

What are the lymphatic ducts

A

right lymphatic and thoracic

137
Q

It is smaller and shorter; all the lymph collected from the structures on the right side of the body above the diaphragm empties into this duct

A

Right lymphatic duct

138
Q

It collects lymph from the parts of the body that are not drained by the other one

A

Thoracic duct

139
Q

It drains its lymph into the venous system at the junction of _____ and ______

A

Left jugular and subclavian veins

Histo - LEC (8 decks)

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