Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histo - LEC > Lymphoid > Flashcards

Lymphoid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the first line of defense of the body. It acts as physical barriers to the entry of harmful substances into the body

A

Skin and mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It protects the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tracts

A

Mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This helps some epithelial cells to move and eliminate toxic substances

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

These contain antibacterial substances including lysozymes that fight off pathogenic microorganism

A

Tears and saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the defense systems of the lymphoid system

A

Inflammatory response

Immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is an immediate but mainly localized process that starts within minutes of tissue damage or entry of a microorganism or foreign antigen

A

Inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the effector cells of the inflammatory response

A

neutrophils

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the assisting cells of the inflammatory response

A 
Eosinophil
Basophil
Mast cell
NK cell
T-cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This response destroy invading organisms and foreign antigens by phagocytosis

A

Inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

It is chemicals that attract phagocytes

A

Chemotaxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It is a collection of more than 20 plasma proteins produced by the liver

A

Complement system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In immune response complement system is activated by

A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bacteria with proteins

A

Opsonins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It is proteins that act signaling compounds

A

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This congregate in the injured area within minutes

A

Activated phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cells have limited phagocytic activity but process the antigens they have digested

A

Macrophages

Antigen-presenting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

It is responsible for classical local signs and symptoms of inflammation (swelling, redness etc)

A

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It is a cytokine produced activated macrophage enters the bloodstream

A

interleukin-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Temperature regulating center of the brain

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It is a more powerful body defense system than the inflammatory response but it takes longer if the invading antigen is a new one

A

Immune Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This response system is antigen-specific

A

Immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It is any substance perceived by the immune system as foreign to the body

A

Antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the effector cells of immune response

A

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It is a molecular which is responsible for signal transmission and mediated via the T-cell receptor

A

CD3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A CD4 marker can differentiate into

A

helper T-cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A CD8 marker can differentiate into

A

cytotoxic T-cell

suppressor T-cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the type of immune responses

A

Humoral

Cell-mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

It refers to immunity mediated by antibodies

A

Humoral Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Are substances that are synthesized by plasma cells

A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What cell is primarily function in the humoral immunity

A

B-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Antibodies do not destroy antigens; they simply bind to the antigens that have triggered their production. T/F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

It is important to study this immunity response in containing many viral and bacterial infections

A

Humoral immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

This type of immunity is conferred by vaccines against many childhood illnesses

A

Humoral immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

This type of immunity is not mediated by antibodies

A

Cell-mediated immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the effector cells of cell-mediated immunity

A

Cytotoxic t-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are within the cytotoxic t-cells

A

virus-infected cells with intracellular bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does the cytotoxic t-cells target

A

Cancer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

It is the process when a cell release the proteins in their cytoplasmic granules into the area where their target cells are

A

Apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

This immunity response is responsible for delayed hypersensitivity reactions and tissue and organ transplant rejection

A

Cellular immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The entry of a new antigen into the body elicits ___________

A

Primary immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

It is a subsequent entries of the same antigen elicits a _____________

A

Secondary immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

It is an immune response designed to eliminate the new antigen and produce lymphocytes

A

Primary immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does the primary immune response involves

A

Antigen recognition
Lymphocyte activation
Effector phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the “professional” antigen-presenting cells

A

macrophages
dendritic cells
B-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

These cells are the most potent of the antigen-presenting cells

A

Dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what are the classification of dendritic cells

A

myeloid-related dendritic cell

lymphoid-related dendritic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

It carries the image of the antigen that led to their formation and are responsible for effecting secondary immune responses

A

Memory T-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How many days does CD8 + T-cells proliferate

A

4 to 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

It inhibits or regulates the activity of B-cells and other T-cells to ensure immune response does not get out of hand

A

Suppressor T-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

When the antigen is eradicated the antigenic specific cells are ALL eradicated. T/F

A

False (memory cells does not eradicate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

It is elicited by re-exposure to an antigen that has previously triggered a primary immune response

A

Secondary immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the induction phase of the secondary immune response

A

1 to 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

The secondary immune response is not very effective that the person exhibits drastic symptoms. T/F

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

It can cause this when there is an overwhelming reaction to an antigen

A

Allergic reactions that can lead to anaphylactic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

When the effector cells attack the body’s own tissues and cells

A

Autoimmune diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

It refers to tissue where the parenchyma consists mainly of lymphocytes

A

Lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

It refers to organs that are primarily made up of lymphoid tissue

A

Lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

This organ is formed primarily by reticular fibers and cells

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is the classification of lymphoid tissues and organs

A

Central lymphoid organs

Peripheral lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What comprises the central lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What cells comprises the central lymphoid organs

A

B stem cells

T stem cells

62
Q

What comprises the peripheral lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes
spleen
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

63
Q

What does the MALT include

A

tonsils and non encapsulated lymphoid tissues of the GI, respiratory, genitourinary tract

64
Q

What does the lymphoid tissue exists in the body in the form of

A

Diffuse lymphoid tissue

Nodular lymphoid tissue

65
Q

It refers to lymphoid tissue where lymphocytes are evenly disperesed

A

Diffuse lymphoid tissue

66
Q

Where is the diffuse lymphoid tissue prominent

A

lamina propia

submucosa of the GI, respiratory, genitourinary tracts

67
Q

What cells are in the diffuse lymphoid tissue

A

T-cells

68
Q

Diffuse lymphoid tissue where the lymphocytes are relatively few and far apart is _____

A

loose lymphoid tissue

69
Q

Diffuse lymphoid tissue where the lymphocytes are numerous and close to each other is ____

A

dense lymphoid tissue

70
Q

It refers to lymphoid tissue where clustered lymphocytes form discrete ovoid masses or lumps ____

A

Lymphoid nodules

71
Q

What cells are in the lymphoid nodules

A

B-cells

72
Q

The lymphoid nodules does not appear after birth. T/F

A

F

73
Q

In the lamina propia and submucosa the lymphoid nodules can occur ____ or _____________

A

Singly or in aggregates

74
Q

In the ileum lymphoid nodules are termed as

A

Peyer’s patches

75
Q

What are the 2 types of nodules under the LM

A

Primary and secondary nodule

76
Q

It is a nodule where the lymphocytes react to an antigen

A

Secondary nodule

77
Q

What are the 2 regions of the secondary nodule

A

Germinal center/Reaction center

Corona

78
Q

It is a pale central area that is populated by mainly B-cells

A

Germinal center

79
Q

It is the darker peripheral region

A

Corona

80
Q

It is a nodule where lymphocytes are idle or resting

A

Primary nodule

81
Q

This nodule does not have a germinal center

A

Primary nodule

82
Q

It is derived from the third brachial pouch

A

Thymus

83
Q

What is the task of the thymus

A

To transform T stem cells into mature competent self-tolerant, naive, T-cells

84
Q

What cells occupy the thymus

A

T lymphocytes

85
Q

What is the term used if the T-cell lineage is in the thymus

A

Thymocytes

86
Q

This enclose the two lobes of the thymus; dense irregular CT

A

Capsule

87
Q

It divides the lobes

A

Trabeculae

88
Q

In LM preparation this has a dark-staining region

A

Cortex

89
Q

In LM preparation this has a light-staining region

A

Medulla

90
Q

What cells make up the stroma of the thymic lobules

A

Stellate cells (Epitheloid cells)

91
Q

It resemble reticular cells but they arise from endoderm and do not produce reticular fibers

A

Epitheloid cells

92
Q

These cells envelope young lymphocytes and promote proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes

A

Nurse cells (epitheloid cells)

93
Q

These cells help in preventing autoimmunity by presenting self-antigens to enable the T-cells to recognize “self” antigens

A

Thymic interdigitating dendritic cells

94
Q

How many % of cells leave the thymus

A

10 -30%

95
Q

What is the most distinctive feature of the thymic medulla

A

Presence of thymic corpuscles (Hassall’s bodies)

96
Q

Structures that are composed of a core of hyaline material surrounded by layers of flattened epitheloid cells

A

Thymic corpuscles (Hassall’s bodies)

97
Q

Where does the bloody supply of thymus come from

A

Internal thoracic
Anterior intercostal
Inferior thyroid arteries

98
Q

It is where the lymphocytes join circulating blood

A

Postcapillary venules of the medulla

99
Q

It is the endothelial cells that line the capillaries that form a close relationship with epitheloid cells are called

A

Blood-thymus barrier

100
Q

It is the barrier that prevents antigens that are carried by the capillaries from getting into contact with the developing T-cells

A

Blood-thymus barrier

101
Q

What does the blood-thymus barrier consists

A
  1. Endothelial cells
  2. Epitheloid cells
  3. Perivascular space
102
Q

It separates the endothelium from the layer of epitheloid cells and contains macrophage and fluid

A

Perivascular space

103
Q

The medulla of the thymus lacks blood-thymus barrier . T/F

A

T

104
Q

The thymus has lymphatic vessels. T/F

A

F

105
Q

It is a bean-shaped organ and is encapsulated by a collection of tissues

A

Lymph node

106
Q

This cells phagocytose particulate matter and microorganisms from the lymph

A

Macrophages

107
Q

It is the area where efferent lymphatic vessels leave and blood vessels enter and exit the organ

A

Hilus

108
Q

It enters the lymph node on its convex surface

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels

109
Q

A lymph node is enclosed by a

A

Capsule

110
Q

The stroma of the lymph node is formed by

A

Reticular tissue

111
Q

It is dendritic cells in B-cell rich areas

A

Follicular dendritic cells

112
Q

These cells have a large pale nuclei and indistinct borders

A

Follicular dendritic cells

113
Q

These cells are T-cell rich areas

A

Interdigitating dendritic cells

114
Q

The medulla is made up of dense lymphoid tissue arranged to form strands called _____

A

Medullary cords

115
Q

What type of cells are in the medullary cords

A

B-cells and plasma cells

116
Q

It is the largest lymphoid organ in the body

A

Spleen

117
Q

Externally the spleen is enveloped by

A

Peritoneum

118
Q

This lines the spleen on its external surface

A

Mesothelium

119
Q

The stroma of the spleen consists of

A

Reticular tisssue

120
Q

It contains reddish brown substance in which small masses or islands of ovoid grayish white structures are scattered

A

Splenic pulp

121
Q

This pulp consists of lymphoid nodules

A

White pulp

122
Q

This pulp forms the greater part of the splenic parehchyma

A

Red pulp

123
Q

Strands of reticular tissue

A

Splenic cords (of Billroth)

124
Q

What supplies the spleen

A

Splenic Artery

125
Q

It is the biggest branch of the celiac artery

A

Splenic artery

126
Q

Tunica adventitia of the spleen is formed by dense lymphoid tissue known as this

A

Periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS)

127
Q

It is short and narrow artery

A

Sheathed artery (ellipsoid)

128
Q

It is enveloping concentric layers of reticular cells

A

Sheath of Schweigger-Seidel

129
Q

After the sinusoids where does the blood travel

A

Collecting veins

130
Q

Where does the blood drain after the collecting vein

A

Trabecular veins

131
Q

Does the lymph vessels in the spleen have no afferent lymph vessels but has efferent vessels that start in the capillaries. T/F

A

T

132
Q

It refers to the enormous amt of lymphoid tissue that exists in the mucosa and submucosa of the GI, respiratory and genitourinary trancts

A

Muscosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

133
Q

It is often associated with gastrointeestinal tract

A

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

134
Q

Associated with trachea and bronchi

A

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

135
Q

Notable areas where aggregates of lymphoid nodules embedded in dense lymphoid tissue

A

Colon, vermiform appendix, ileum (peyer’s patches), entrance of respiratory and digestive tracts

136
Q

What cells does the MALT consists of

A

T-cell rich areas (diffuse lymphoid tissue) and B-cell rich areas (lymphoid nodules)

137
Q

It is the ring of the tonsils

A

Waldeyer’s ring

138
Q

This consists of palatine tonsil, lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils, pharyngeal tonsil

A

Tonsils

139
Q

What tissue is tonsils made of

A

dense irregular CT

140
Q

It is located in the lateral aspect one on each side of the oropharynx

A

Palatine tonsil

141
Q

What kind of tissue is palatine tonsil

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epitheloum

142
Q

Deep, sometimes branching, invaginations

A

Tonsilar crypts

143
Q

It often contain dead epithelial cells, lymphocytes and other cells that have reached the surface by passive through the epithelium

A

Tonsilar crypts

144
Q

It consists of several discrete masses located in the dorsum of the posterior tongue

A

Lingual tonsil

145
Q

What kind of tissue is lingual tonsil

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

146
Q

It occupies the central area of the posterior and superior walls of the nasopharynx

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

147
Q

The pharyngeal tonsil is covered by respiratory epithelium which is a type of

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

but also has Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium in some areas

148
Q

This tonsil sometimes become enlarged especially in young individuals that cause obstruction to breathing

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

149
Q

When enlarged pharyngeal tonsil is referred to as

A

Adenoid

150
Q

It is located in the nasopharynx near the openings of auditory tubes

A

Tubial tonsils

Histo - LEC (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions