Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histo - LEC > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

It is a special type of dense regular CT

A

Cartilage

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What cells are in the bone

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cells are in the cartilage

A

Chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is the inside cavities

A

Lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is gelatinous, firm.

A

Intercellular matrix of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is calcified rigid hard

A

Intercellular matrix of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

There are blood vessels and lymph vessels in the cartilage. T/F

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It is the most abundant type of cartilage in the body

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

It forms the bulk of the skeleton of the fetus

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It fills the lacunae where it resides

A

Chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This cell is capable of mitosis

A

Young chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

It is chondrocytes that stay close together that appear to occupy the same lacuna

A

Isogenous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It consists of an amorphous ground substance where extracellular fibers are embedded

A

Cartilage Matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Water accounts for what % of the weight of the tissue

A

70% - 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cartilage made of

A

Proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

It is the intercellular substance that surrounds a lacuna

A

Territorial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It is the area in between the territorial matrix

A

Interterritorial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is the layer of territorial matrix

A

Pericellular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It is a fibronectin like substance that promotes the adherence of collagen fibers to the cell surface of the chondryocytes

A

Chronodectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of collagen are in the extracellular fiber in hyaline cartilage

A

Type II collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It is more flexible than hyaline cartilage and is yellowish in fresh specimens

A

Elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where can the elastic cartilage be found

A 
auricle
external acoustic meatus
ear
auditory tube
epiglottis
larynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of collagen is elastic cartilage

A

Type II collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This cartilage can withstand greater stress than the 2. It makes up the intervertebral discs, articular discs, and glenoid, and acetabular labra

A

Fibrous cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This can be found in the tendons and ligaments

A

Fibrous cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What type of collage in fibrous cartilage

A

Type I collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What kind of tissue is fibrous cartilage

A

dense regular CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

All cartilages are enveloped by this except articular cartilages

A

Perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the outer layer of the perichondrium

A

Fibrous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the inner layer of the perichondrium

A

Chondrogenic layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

It is cells of the chondrogenic layer apposed to the surface of the cartilage are stem cells

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

It synthesizes the precursors of the extracellular fibers

A

Chondroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

It comprises the bulk of the adult skeleton form a rigid framework in the body

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the classification of the bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

It is the bones that are confined to the extremities; typically consists of a body or shaft

A

Long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

It is bones that are cuboidal and are confined to the wrist and ankle

A

Short bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

It is bones that are typical by sternum, scapulae and many bones of the skull

A

Flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

It is bones that incluse vertebrae, hip bones

A

Irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

It is bones that develop in tendons that rub bony surfaces; example is the patella

A

Sesamoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the forms of bone tissue

A

Spongy and compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

There is more compact than spongy bone in the body. T/F

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What % does the spongy bone account for the skeletal mass

A

20 - 25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What % does the compact bone account for the skeletal mass

A

75 - 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

It consists of an outer layer that blends with a more cellular layer

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

It firmly anchors the periosteum to the bone Sharpey’s fibers

A

Sharpey’s fibers

47
Q

It is thinner than periosteum that consists of a single layer of osteoprogenitor cells

A

Endosteum

48
Q

It is the small canals in the bone

A

Canaliculi

49
Q

It is the framework of a bone

A

Bone marrow

50
Q

It makes up the bulk of compact bones. It consists of several bone lamellae and are arranged concentrically

A

Haversian system or Osteon

51
Q

It is a longitudinal channel that contains blood vessels and nerves

A

Haversian canal

52
Q

It contains blood vessels and nerves and are lined by endosteum

A

Volkmann’s Canal

53
Q

It is the most developed in long bones

A

Circumferential lamellae

54
Q

It consists of an amorphous ground substance where extracellular fibers are embedded

A

Bone matrix

55
Q

What does the ground substance of the bone mainly consists of

A

Water

56
Q

Inorganic minerals in the ground substance forms what

A

Calcium hydroxyapatite

57
Q

The core proteins of these are shorter than in cartilage

A

Proteoglycans

58
Q

The bone matrix is composed of what type of collagen

A

Type I collagen fibers

59
Q

What are the types of cells are present in bone

A

Osteoprogenitor cell
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

60
Q

This cell differentiate from embryonic mesenchymal cells

A

Osteoproginitor cell

61
Q

What are the cells that he osteoprogenitor cell can differentiate to

A

Osteoblasts or chondroblasts

62
Q

These are fusiform cells and cannot be differentiated from fibroblasts

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

63
Q

It is responsible for the synthesis of the precursors of collagen fibers as well as the other organic constituents of bone matrix

A

Osteoblast

64
Q

These cells aid in bone resorption

A

Osteoblasts

65
Q

What hormone is secreted

A

Osteoclast stimulating factor

66
Q

It is cells that occupy the lacunae in bone tissue

A

Osteocytes

67
Q

It is uncalcified bone matrix

A

Osteoid tissue

68
Q

It is large multinucleated cells seen on the surface of the bone where resorption takes place

A

Osteoclast

69
Q

It consists of villus-like processes of plasmalemma which give off branches that anastomose with each other

A

Ruffled border

70
Q

What cells are responsible for bone resorption

A

Osteoclasts

71
Q

Area where cartilage develops

A

Center of chondrification

72
Q

This growth mechanism expands the cartilage from within; it is only possible in young cartilage

A

Interstitial growth

73
Q

It is responsible for growth length in long bones

A

Interstitial growth

74
Q

It is a growth mechanism of cartilage that is a function of the perichondrium and occurs when the osteoprogenitor cells in the perichondium multiply and differentiate into chondroblasts

A

Appositional growth

75
Q

What is the most common degenerative process

A

Calcification of the matrix

76
Q

The damaged area of cartilage is easily replaced since it has blood vessels. T/F

A

F (it is limited since it does not have blood vessels and often is replaced by scar tissue)

77
Q

Bone is produced to replace what

A

Mesenchyme

Hyaline cartilage

78
Q

Bone formation occurs in areas occupied by mesenchyme areas called

A

Intramembranous ossification

79
Q

Bone formation occurs in areas where hyaline cartilage exists

A

Intracartilaginous ossification

80
Q

Bones formed by the first membrane

A

Membrane Bones

81
Q

Bones formed by the second process

A

Cartilage bones

82
Q

What form is the bone first deposited as

A

Woven bone

83
Q

It is where the intercellular substance is arranged in thin layers

A

Lamellar bone

84
Q

Intramembranous ossification produces what bones

A

Flat bones of the skull

85
Q

It involves replacement of a hyaline cartilage model with bone

A

Endochondral ossification

86
Q

What does endochondral ossification produce

A

limbs
pelvis
vertebral column

87
Q

Bone can only grow in what method

A

Appositional method

88
Q

It enables long bones to growth in length and the individual to grow in height

A

Epiphyseal plate

89
Q

It anchors the epiphyseal plate to the epiphysis

A

Zone of resting cartilage cells

90
Q

It is where intersitital growth occurs

A

Zone of proliferation

91
Q

It consists of large cells and lacunae and this is the zone where cell do not divide anymore

A

Zone of maturation

92
Q

It is a very thin region where cartilage matrix is calcified and most of the cells are already dead

A

Zone of calcification

93
Q

It is the place where bone is deposited through the actions of the osteoblasts that have attached themselves to the cartilage rmanants

A

Zone of ossification

94
Q

When cartilage cells stop dividing and the cartilage plate is replaced completely by bone

A

Closure of the epiphyseal plate

95
Q

It is the growth in width of bone

A

Periosteum

96
Q

What are the forms of remodeling

A

External and internal

97
Q

It refers to changes that occur in the shape of a bone in response to external factors

A

External remodeling

98
Q

It refers to the never ending cycle of resorption and formation of Haversian systems

A

Internal Remodeling

99
Q

This deficiency results in poor intestinal absorption of calcium

A

Vitamin D deficiency

100
Q

Condition of failure of calcification

A

Rickets

101
Q

IT is characterized by stunting growth and developing weak bones

A

Osteomalacia

102
Q

Vitamin C deficiency causes

A

Scurvy

103
Q

Vitamin A deficiency affects the

A

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts and retards bone growth

104
Q

What mineral does bones store

A

Calcium

105
Q

It is the primary regulator of blood calcium level

A

Parathyroid hormone

106
Q

Opposes the activity of the parathyroid hormone is the hormone ___

A

Calcitonin

107
Q

Calcitonin is secreted by the ____ of the ___

A

Parafollicular cells; thyroid hormone

108
Q

This hormone increases in number of osteoblasts and stimulates bone formation

A

Estrogen

109
Q

The absence of the hormone delays the closure of epiphyseal plates

A

Androgens

110
Q

It is secreted by the pituitary gland also markedly influences bone growth

A

Human growth hormone (hGH)

111
Q

Condition where absence or low levels of circulating growth homone

A

Dwarfism

112
Q

Condition where hormone is enhances in mitosis of the chondrocutes in the epiphyseal plate

A

Gigantism

113
Q

Condition of excess growth hormone

A

Acromegaly

114
Q

Acromegaly is a condition characterized by deformed or overgrowth of ____

A

Mandible (lower jaw)

Histo - LEC (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions