Skin Flashcards
What is a geographic pattern?
Areas of one color, with variably scalloped borders of additional color
What is a serpiginous pattern?
Appear to creep from one part to another, margins are wavy
What is a confluent pattern?
Lesions that run together
i.e hives or urticaria
What is a zosteriform pattern?
Lesions that follow a nerve dermatome
Which lesions are <1cm.
Macule, papule, vesicles
What are the ABCDs of skin cancer?
A=asymmetry B= border C=changes in color D=diameter is >6cm E=evolution
What is purpura?
Excessive or spontaneous bruising
What is an annular rash?
Circular
Lichenification?
Thickening of the skin from scratching
What does pallor skin look like on a light pigment person, dark pigment, and yellow undertones?
Light: Pale
Darker pigment: gray, grayish brown, “dusky”, “ashen”
Yellow undertones: pale gray, light greenish-gray
What does cyanosis look like on light, dark, and yellow undertone skin?
Light: blue undertones
Dark: gray, white-ish skin with gray/blue conjunctiva
Yellow undertones: greenish gray
What does jaundice look like on light, yellow undertone, and dark skin?
Light and yellow undertones: yellow
Dark: golden to dark olive
On a person with dark pigment where do we look for signs of jaundice?
Hard palate and conjunctiva. Note that the sclera will look yellow as they age.
On a person with light pigment or yellow undertone skin where do we look for signs of jaundice?
Skin, sclera, conjunctiva, underneath tongue
On a person with dark pigment where do we look for signs of central cyanosis?
Under the tongue. Note that individuals will have a natural purple red tone to the lips which is not cyanosis.
On a light pigment or yellow undertone skin where do we look for signs of central cyanosis?
Around mouth, lips, oral mucosa, tongue
What is violaceus erythema?
Violet colored rash
What is clubbing and what could it indicate?
Swelling in the tip of the digit. Can be found in patients with chronic oxygenation issues.
When assessing for vascularity what does blanching mean?
When the capillary beds turn white when we push on them and then refill back to the pink hue
Note: Darker pigmentation does not allow for blanching
Recite the pitting Edema scale
1+ = 2mm of depression
2+ = 4mm
3+ = 6mm
4+ = 8mm
What is Brawny Edema?
Thickening, indurated, non-pitting; brawny color from chronic ischemia and lysed RBC
What can non-pitting Edema indicate?
Infection, trauma, or chronic venous insufficiency
When inspecting skin lesions what are 6 things we should look for?
- Color
- Elevation or flat; and texture
- pattern or shape
- size including depth
- Location and distribution on body
- Induration
What are patterns and shapes a lesion can take?
- discrete (skin cancer)
- grouped or clustered ( herpes Simplex or cold sores)
- linear (contact dermatitis)
- gyrate or snakelike ( scabies)
- confluent or run together ( Hives or urticaria)
- nerve root distribution or dermatomal ( herpes zoster aka zosteriform
- geographic
Shapes
- annular or circular ( ringworm or tinnea corporis
- Target ( Lyme) or iris (erythema multiforme)
