GI

Question 1

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 1

Membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 2

what is the retroperitoneal space?

Answer 2

Space near the posterior abdominal wall and the peritoneum

Question 3

Which kidney sits lower and may possibly be palpable?

Answer 3

The right

Question 4

Symptoms of gastroenteritis?

Answer 4

N/V, diarrhea, abd pain, fever.

Question 5

Possible causes of gastroenteritis?

Answer 5

Virus, bacteria, parasite, medications, food intolerances

Question 6

What is gastroenteritis?

Answer 6

Inflammation of the GI tract . Aka food poisoning or stomach flu.

Question 7

What kind of bowel sounds could you expect with gastroenteritis?

Answer 7

Hyperactive

Question 8

What is referred pain?

Answer 8

Location is not always at the site of the affected organ

Question 9

Which organs are considered solid organs?

Answer 9

Liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenal glands, and spleen

Question 10

Which organs are considered hollow organs?

Answer 10

Stomach, gall bladder, colon, small intestine, and bladder

Question 11

Solid vs hollow organs?

Answer 11

Solid don’t change shape unless it is pathological and hollow organs can change normally with the body.

Question 12

6 Fs we should think about when we see distended abdomen?

Answer 12

Fat, fluid, flatus, fetus, feces, and fatal growths

Question 13

When would we hear tympany?

Answer 13

Percussing over air; hollow organs that stretch

Question 14

If unsure if the abdomen is filled with fluid what do we do next?

Answer 14

Ask patient to roll to the side and notice where the air bubble goes . It will shift to the flank.

Question 15

Possible causes of absent bowel sounds?

Answer 15

Obstruction

Question 16

Decreased motility will produce what kind of sounds?

Answer 16

Hypoactive-quiet gurgling <4 in 1 min

Question 17

Increased motility will produce what kind of sounds?

Answer 17

Hyperactive- high pitched , loud > 35

Question 18

Where should we listen for vascular bruits?

Answer 18

Aorta, renal arteries, iliac arteries, and femoral arteries

Question 19

What is the normal span of the liver?

Answer 19

6-12cm

Question 20

What screening method do we use for alcohol abuse?

Answer 20

C-cut down
A-annoyed
G-guilty
E- eye opener

Question 21

What are the classic findings of alcoholism?

Answer 21

HSM
Ascites
Caput medusa 
Spider angiomas 
Peripheral edema
Palmar erythema 
Erythematic or bulbous nose

Question 22

Which quadrant? - bladder

Answer 22

Suprapubic/ hypogastric

Question 23

Which quadrant? -descending colon

Answer 23

LUQ and LLQ

Question 24

Which quadrant? - ovaries, uterus, Fallopian tubes

Answer 24

RLQ and LLQ

Question 25

Which region ? - prostate and spermatic cord

Answer 25

Hypogastric/suprapubic

Question 26

Which quadrant? -small intestine

Answer 26

RLQ and LLQ

Question 27

Which quadrant? -sigmoid colon

Answer 27

LLQ

Question 28

Which quadrant? -ureters

Answer 28

All

Question 29

Which quadrant? -appendix

Answer 29

RLQ

Question 30

Which quadrant? - ascending colon

Answer 30

RLQ and RUQ

Question 31

Which quadrant? -cecum

Answer 31

RLQ

Question 32

Which quadrant? -rectum

Answer 32

RLQ

Question 33

Which quadrant? -duodenum

Answer 33

RUQ

Question 34

Which quadrant? -gall bladder

Answer 34

RUQ

Question 35

Which quadrant? -liver

Answer 35

RUQ

Question 36

Which quadrant? - kidneys

Answer 36

RUQ and LUQ

Question 37

Which quadrant? - head of pancreas

Answer 37

RUQ

Question 38

Which quadrant? -transverse colon

Answer 38

RUQ and LUQ

Question 39

Which quadrant? - body and tail of pancreas

Answer 39

LUQ

Question 40

Which quadrant? -spleen

Answer 40

LUQ

Question 41

Which quadrant? - stomach

Answer 41

LUQ

Question 42

How does stress affect the GI system?

Answer 42

Increased cortisol levels during stress (fight or flight response) will suppress the GI system

Question 43

Complaints of epigastric pain can involve which organs?

Answer 43

Stomach, duodenum, pancreas, biliary tree, or liver

Question 44

Visceral periumbilical pain can come from which organs?

Answer 44

Small intestine, appendix, or proximal colon

Question 45

Visceral hypogastric pain can come from which organs?

Answer 45

Colon, bladder, or uterus

Question 46

Visceral suprapubic or sacral pain can come from which organs?

Answer 46

The rectum

Question 47

Visceral RUQ or epigastric pain can come from which organs?

Answer 47

Biliary tree and liver

Question 48

What are adhesions?

Answer 48

Bands of scar like tissue that binds two parts of tissue that are not normally together which can be a common complication after surgery

Question 49

What is a positive Rovsing's sign indicative of acute appendicitis?

Answer 49

Referred rebound tenderness in the RLQ when pressing the LLQ

Question 50

What is Murphy's test used for?

Answer 50

Acute cholecystitis

Question 51

What is a positive Murphy's sign?

Answer 51

pain on inspiration as gall bladder is palpated

Question 52

What is the psoas sign when assessing for appendicitis?

Answer 52

placing hand above right knee and asking patient to lift knee and abd pain will be present

Question 53

Patient with an acute bowel obstruction may complain of pain where?

Answer 53

Small bowel: periumbilical or upper abdominal | Colon: lower abdominal or generalized

Question 54

Acute bowel obstructions are most commonly caused by what?

Answer 54

(1) adhesions or hernias (small bowel) or (2) cancer or diverticulitis (colon)

Question 55

Patient with acute cholecystitis may complain of pain where?

Answer 55

Right upper quadrant or epigastrium; may radiate to the right shoulder of interscapular area